How to view the opportunities and challenges in the construction of China’s satellite Internet, Liu Jinlong said that we must adhere to the primary physical principle, and the difficulties must be divided into two parts, and part of it is technological research. Difficulties, and the other part is the difficulty that can be solved slowly with development.
And people always have an insufficient understanding of opportunities. “Astronauts have a word called “stars and seas”. , Now it is borrowed by people in many industries. You can’t see the sea of stars, and you can’t see the path to solve these problems. “
The satellite Internet industry needs sufficient infrastructure time. Every step of technological innovation and commercial innovation made by commercial aerospace companies can generate value, which is an incentive for the industry to move forward. A lot of motivation.
China’s commercial aerospace started in 2014. In the past six or seven years, two private rockets have put satellites into orbit. Private satellite factories are emerging, and many commercial aerospace companies have received more than 1 billion yuan in financing. The International Commercial Space Launch Center with an annual launch scale of 100 rounds is also coming.
In April 2020, satellite Internet will be incorporated into the new infrastructure, which has given China’s commercial aerospace a booster, and more and more people have begun to shut it down.Note this industry. And SpaceX also helps the world understand this market, a star company makes more people around the world aware of commercial aerospace.
Liu Jinlong believes that China’s commercial aerospace industry is in the early stages of development, but the changes in the past few years have been earth-shaking. The involvement of capital represents the future or has greater commercial value, which is a good sign.
” What we see is an industry that is both in its infancy and in an accelerating and earth-shaking change, and it has also nurtured many new opportunities. Everyone is still in a hug. Relatively chaotic, in various technological innovations, there will be some clear tracks soon.”
As for who will take the lead in this clear track To become a leading company, Liu Jinlong believes that four factors are important: barriers formed by technological iteration, more practical opportunities for young and middle-aged technical designers, integration of different industries, and flexible advantages outside the system.
As a multinational company, NI has been founded for more than 40 years and has developed many automated tests and automated measurements The system is used in all walks of life.
The following is the transcript of the interview:
[Too many satellites or too few? Why develop low-orbit satellite Internet? ]
News: In April last year, satellite Internet was incorporated into the new infrastructure. From your perspective, talk about the tangible changes that the concept of satellite Internet as a new infrastructure has brought to NI and upstream and downstream industries?
Liu Jinlong: Satellite Internet is currently the number one hot field in our aerospace field. We were very excited when we saw the National Development and Reform Commission put it into the new infrastructure in April last year, but we were not shocked.
In fact, we participated in this event much earlier than April 2020. The Hongyan and Hongyun constellations of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation are the first stars Launched at the end of 2018. We were already involved in satellite Internet-related technical work before that time node.
If we talk about satellite Internet, whether it is based on communication services or remote sensing services, in the past, a single satellite was used to complete a specific country.The task of home, to be able to gradually explore commercialization and move towards the constellation, this is the biggest change we have seen.
is also very exciting from a technical point of view. From a single satellite to hundreds of satellites, the huge challenge brought by it is not just from 1 to 100. In fact, there are even greater technical challenges.
News: Many commercial satellite companies are now building satellite factories. In your opinion, what stage is the development of commercial satellites now? Do you need so many satellites and have so much demand?
Liu Jinlong:Mainstream domestic startups have had in-depth exchanges with us, because in order to have innovative products, we must first have innovative tools, and we It is the company that provides this innovative tool. In this conference room on the fourth floor, I once hosted the technical leaders of these startups.
When it comes to demand, we have to trace the source. Satellites are not the final demand, and launching satellites is not the goal. The ultimate goal is to allow satellites to provide services.
From a service perspective, are there enough satellites? Has the service provided by satellites now met people’s expectations? I am a practitioner and I am also thinking. Some people say there are too many satellites. What is the basis? Or think that there are too few satellites. What is the basis?
Our basis is whether satellite services meet people’s needs. For example, the current market scale of remote sensing satellite services is not very large, and it is basically used by the government. why? The reason is simple, the government is not enough. 
Shanghai Pudong International Airport taken by Jilin No. 1, the picture is from the “Jilin No. 1” WeChat official account
There are not too many remote sensing satellites in China . If you talk to satellite companies that do remote sensing, ask why their products are still in the pre-market development stage. In their view, the reason is very simple, that is, the number of satellites is not enough.
For example, if you live in a large house, you want to monitor the situation around the house. This satellite tells you that it can take a picture a day, And your expectation is to take a picture in 20 minutes, and the APP can pick it up at any time to see the condition of the yard.
If you take a picture in 20 minutes, the price can be very high; you can only take one picture a day, and the value is very small. Even now it is difficult for us to take a picture of a small area of your home in one day, so the satellite service is obviously in a situation of insufficient supply.
Communication satellites are similar. I went to Qinghai Lake for a self-driving last year. I saw the base station and quickly took out the phone and sent a WeChat message. Most of the time, there was no signal. Or there are signals, but they are all based on voice services, which can be understood as being in the 2G era. Now, people’s needs are not voice calls, but large-bandwidth data, to upload videos and watch videos.
News: So you think satellites are under-supply.
Liu Jinlong: Right. Why develop low-orbit satellite Internet? Because the high orbit cannot meet the bandwidth and delay requirements. A low-orbiting satellite basically orbits the earth in a few hours. If you hit a satellite of this kind, the time to be able to receive communication services in a place in China is too short, and such communication services have almost no commercial value. This is why so many satellites are launched. There are thousands and tens of thousands of satellites in the satellite Internet plan.
It is easy to confuse the issue of coverage and bandwidth. Launching hundreds of satellites may cover the world, but at any point, once there are more people making calls, it will not be able to serve them. This is also the reason why tens of thousands of satellites are sent. 
The picture comes from the network
Compared with the base station, there are actually not many tens of thousands of satellites at all. Let alone the world, how many base stations does China have? I believe this is counted in one hundred thousand million. In our view, satellites are not too much, but not enough.
And the construction of a factory, from the idea to the stable production of satellites, this must follow objective laws. Although China is an “infrastructure madman,” it is not just building houses, not just factories.
There are many environmental equipment for satellites, which need to simulate the temperature in spaceChanges, thermal vacuum, electromagnetics, and vibrations in space are all indispensable. It takes time to adjust, and there is still a long way to go to form a stable production capacity.
From my personal point of view, there is currently no surplus. Of course, it is necessary to make a more reasonable plan.
[Break through the theory before mass satellites go to the sky, the difficulty of commercial device technology innovation is not small]
News: Which areas of aerospace are NI’s technology mainly used in?
Liu Jinlong: Taking the construction of a satellite communication network as an example, we must first break through the theoretical problem, how many satellites are launched, what communication system is used, and what coding method is used. These are preliminary studies. We mainly provide some research platforms. When there are no satellites, we can simulate the situation of the constellation prototype in the ground laboratory.
Everyone said that 5G is going to be on satellite, we have to try it. If this channel is added within this distance, will 5G work? How can I change it? This must be done on the platform in the early stage of research, instead of sending a satellite to do an experiment. We mainly do this kind of prototype system, which can be said to be the leader in the country.
The intermediate stage is satellite manufacturing. We use many mature commercial technologies in the satellite field. What is the significance here? 
Galactic Space Nantong Satellite Super Factory, a private satellite enterprise
Take ground equipment as an example, because the scale of this market is not attractive enough. In the past it was done by small companies, and the intensity and intensity of technological innovation was not enough . Similarly, because there are only so many satellites in a year, the number of ground equipment will not exceed this, and there is not enough time to iterate, which will cause great challenges in terms of reliability and innovation.
And some of NI’s hardware products have been verified in many industries in the order of tens of thousands. If you use it, at least the reliability is beyond doubt. Do technological innovation on the basis of another way to significantly reduce costs and become more digital.
In the past, the satellite industry had the problem of over-testing. From components to single machines to entire satellites, every link must be tested, because data is difficult to pass through and the level of digitization is not enough. We Learn from the consumer electronics and automotive industries, collect the data generated in each link, do not need to spend a lot of energy to repeat the test, and promote digitization based on equipment.
News: It sounds like a “digital twin”. Before the satellite is released to the sky, all tests that can be tested are completed, and any changes can be fed back to the most terminal. After the satellite is completed, it will go to the sky for networking.
Liu Jinlong: Fully agree. The “digital twin” you talk about, or what we call “digitalization” or “ground simulation verification network”, is the same category and the most technically difficult.
Many people say why don’t you see Chinese satellites go to the sky in large quantities? If these theoretical problems are not resolved, it will be iterated after the satellite is released. The biggest problem with satellites is that they can’t come back when they are sent. The so-called iteration is to give up the satellite and send a new one, but the orbit and frequency are precious and scarce resources.
There is a view that there are not many satellites in space, and there are only more than 4,000 satellites in orbit around the world. Compared to putting more than 4,000 cars on the earth, it seems that there is no need for traffic lights. But from another perspective, it has an orbit and a frequency. Without a frequency, it is like a kite without a line.
So the process of accumulating theory is worthwhile. At present, many domestic counterparts have made breakthroughs in this field. Once we can do a good integration with the ground network, we can Use the industrial chain of terrestrial communication network.
News: I just mentioned that there is a need for breakthroughs in digitalization. What other technologies need to be broken through in the commercial aerospace field?
Liu Jinlong: There are two types of technological breakthroughs, one is from 0 to 1, which basically does not count the cost and time. Such breakthroughs are more space stations and deep space exploration in the aerospace field.
There is another technological breakthrough that is also very difficult. With affordable costs and commercial value, this kind of technological innovation is not small. It is very difficult for us to make a satellite terminal very small and low cost.
Because this means taking a technical route different from the traditional aerospace in the past. Once a different technical route is adopted, it is to start with a very weak technology. Both satellite manufacturing and ground manufacturing are facing the same problem. SpaceX also claims to use a large number of commercial components on the satellite. Now that so many commercial-grade devices are used, the challenge brought is great.
SpaceX’s “Starship” has already made more than a dozen prototypes, and its materials have never been used. Once successful, the benefits are great. Is this sophisticated?
So the difficulty of this technological innovation is on another track, which is different from our deep-space exploration and manned spaceflight, at an affordable cost Under the circumstances, combined with some mature applications on the ground, this challenge is actually not small at all.
[The people who do satellites look down, those who do terrestrial cellular networks look up]
News: The next generation of satellite communication and 5G communication integration What is the sea integrated communication network?
Liu Jinlong: This is actually the one we have invested the most in technology at present, and it is also the most technically difficult one we think.
The leap from 4G to 5G is just a leap over terrestrial cellular networks. How much research and development cost has the world invested? Now it is necessary to expand the cellular network from the ground to an integrated sky, ground and sea network.
If we imagine that we are standing on Mars and looking at the earth, the communication of the people on the earth is still based on the surface of the earth. You can’t make phone calls or watch videos in a hot air balloon. This is the sky, the earth, and the sea. The mission of an integrated information network.
In the past, Facebook and Google in the United States tried to use low-altitude balloons to build spatial networks. The problem that was not solved in the past was that they all required a lot of energy, because low-altitude balloons had to float. over there. 
SpaceX Starlink satellites
only have satellites, and they are low-orbit satellites. We generally think that it is 500 kilometersTo within 2000 kilometers.
This is why the satellite Internet and the ground cellular network are pulled together, because it is necessary to cover a wider area and space, including the sea. There is no communication problem on the sea. solve.
Why is integration important? Because the customer experience will be better after the integration of a network, otherwise it will be to use a mobile phone here, and to change to a terminal at sea, I want to connect to the satellite network.
Or I need to take two terminals when traveling, one is connected to the base station and the other is connected to the satellite network. Obviously, people’s need is whether there is a converged network that can be accessed by people in any space and at any time, which is the so-called global digitalization and eliminate the digital divide.
News: What is the current research progress, what are the challenges, and what application scenarios will there be in the future?
Liu Jinlong: There was a huge gap between the satellite communication network and the terrestrial communication network in the past. How to merge?
Two waves of people are pushing, one wave of people doing satellite communications must be compatible with terrestrial cellular networks, and the other wave of people saying that 5G has already begun commercial use, and it’s always going to Go forward to meet people’s future needs. What do these researchers who do terrestrial cellular networks do? I dare not say that the future 6G is a certain direction, but at least everyone agrees that adding satellites is a relatively certain direction.
The person who works on satellites looks down, and the person who works on terrestrial cellular networks looks up. Everyone meets. Encounter is not always a sweet thing, because the difficulty is very large, the communication channel characteristics of the two are different, the satellite moves at a high speed, when do you see the base station spinning?
The satellite is moving at a speed of several kilometers per second. If you drive a supercar on the road, the relative speed of you and the rotation of the earth, how big is that? Relative speed? Those who engage in communications are most afraid of moving both, and the channel changes in real time.
From an industry perspective, it is the question of how to design the next-generation communication network system. This is a huge challenge. If you move 5G to a satellite, it is obvious that you can’t communicate without changing it. Moving satellite communications to the ground will result in too low communication efficiency and low frequency spectrum utilization. This presents the challenge of integration.
To accomplish such a thing, the colleagues in the domestic industry are all moving forward. It is not enough to just shout slogans. We have to do it with real objects, and NI will do it. We have done both satellite communication networks and terrestrial 5G networks in the past.
The theoretical problem is solved first, or what kind of satellite should I build? What kind of communication device should be put? What kind of communication system does it follow?
News: Will satellites be used in future communications?
Liu Jinlong: For ordinary users, what we hope is that they don’t feel the participation of satellites, but satellites truly become a complex heterogeneous network inside An important node in.
Is it necessarily a satellite? At present, satellites are more likely. This is because compared to other methods, satellites are currently a more feasible way from a technical and commercial point of view.
[Satellite Internet industry needs sufficient infrastructure time to meet some market needs first]
News: Do you think the current commercial aerospace companies are still close to forming a commercial closed loop? Some distance?
Liu Jinlong: In fact, this is also a common challenge facing the industry. I think one word must be added: opportunity.
Since there is no complete business closed loop, everyone will have their own segmentation opportunities in it. Every step of technological innovation and commercial innovation you make can generate value. This is a great driving force for the continuous advancement of the entire industry. It is not a static and stagnant industry.
The satellite industry chain is divided into the upstream satellite manufacturing and launching, the middle-end is satellite operations, and the lower-end is satellite applications. Satellite manufacturing accounts for less than 10% of the global commercial value. Compared with satellite operations, the output value of satellite manufacturing is low, and satellite launches are not many, and more are operations and applications.
Speaking of commercial closed-loop, when a new type of infrastructure has not produced great commercial value at the beginning of its establishment, it will naturally not be able to improve the entire commercial closed-loop, but the prototype has begun to appear. .
For example, satellite Internet of Things, satellite AIS identification of ships (Automatic Ship Identification System), emergency communications, such as China’s Tiantong Satellite, currently covers China’s land and coastal areas. Well, it’s just that many times it is too far away from our lives.
Basically, many commercial satellite companies I have seen are goal-oriented with the entire industry chain, but I think this is a necessary stage in the initial stage of industrial development. How long will there be differentiation. Satellite manufacturing, operations, and ground applications are highly differentiated markets.
Will there be full coverage of the company in the future? I believe there will be, but there will be many specialized companies in the professional race track that only do satellite manufacturing, only satellite operations, and only satellite ground applications.
So when it comes to non-closed loop, I don’t think this is a particularly negative thing, because at present, the number of real low-orbit communication satellites that China has launched does not exceed 10. Pieces. The embryonic form of the network is not there yet, and it seems understandable that our business is not closed-loop. We have launched more satellites for the Internet of Things, and have begun to land in some local areas and closed loops, but this is far away from the to C scenario.
I believe that the satellite Internet industry also needs sufficient infrastructure time, and the speed of this infrastructure will not be fast, because the launch of satellites is also subject to many factors, such as The resources of the launch site, launch stations, and rockets all require a process.
But I don’t think it’s not until all the satellite Internet is basically completed before the start of business, but to meet the needs of some people, such as the needs of the Internet of Things, remote areas Communication needs, and then to meet the high-precision positioning needs of more people, gradually move towards a larger market.
Business closed-loop is not a state of 0 and 1, in my opinion, it is a process. Technology continues to improve to meet more needs and experience better.
[Car companies deploy satellite Internet, vertical competitors accelerate commercial landing]
News: In commercial aerospace, there are also automobile companies deploying satellite Internet. How do you think contestants from the vertical field join this track, including the application of the future to tap the incremental market?
Liu Jinlong:This is a very good question. The vertical track it brings can greatly accelerate the cycle of commercial closed-loop. The difference between it and other commercial companies is that it has already determined a target market that is not necessarily the only one, but at least it already has a backing.
SpaceX released a vehicle-mounted satellite terminal some time ago, and there is a certain connection between the car and the satellite. The vertical track brings certainty, but whether you stick to this market, I think there will be horizontal expansion. Because in essence, its satellites are not much different from other satellite companies that have not planned a market segment. It does not mean that it cannot do other markets. It just accelerates the commercial closed-loop cycle, and it will be better than others. It saves some time, because there are still many commercial companies that are still thinking about where the market is and what they are aiming at while launching satellites, whether to do agriculture, forestry, emergency disaster relief, or the Internet of Things?
The entry of vertical commercial companies is an accelerator for promoting closed-loop and commercial implementation. It represents the entry of capital power from the user side and the landing side, which is a very good phenomenon.
News: What kind of application status are satellite Internet companies facing? Will the future, as you mentioned, force upstream development from the perspective of users and open up future application markets? Where are the future applications?
Liu Jinlong: This is also a very good question. There are two paths for the construction of infrastructure, one is to produce applications after it is built, and the other is to have users’ needs. The former is more likely.
In an era without 4G, ordinary people have never thought about uploading a video anytime, anywhere. You asked a car driver if he ever thought that one day a car could fly in the sky. I think maybe there will be, but can it form a strong consumer voice to call for such a facility to come out? I said that there is a big deal. doubt.
I used to fly from Beijing to Shanghai for two hours. I think it’s good not to use the Internet and I can rest. But since I had a relatively slow WiFi, I found that I couldn’t do without it. Those two hours of communicating with customers on WeChat are also very valuable.
From here, it is necessary to use satellite Internet on the plane. It is possible that I can hold a video conference on the plane, but it is not yet possible because At present, our planes in China still use high-orbit (satellites), and the delay is relatively large. Video and multimedia information is still relatively difficult to send, and it is basically text-based.
News: So the main reason is that the completion of the preliminary infrastructure construction will trigger another demand?
Liu Jinlong: Yes, and it will be triggered before it is built. We have a group of people with business dreams in the satellite field, they have triggered the imagination. Imagine more, and when a consumer voice is formed, these facilities will be there, just like magic.
Back then, the builders of 4G didn’t think of applications like Douyin. Maybe he thought of a part of the demand, which triggered the commercial demand of the common people, and the branches and leaves spread behind, which is unimaginable for those of us who do infrastructure.
The deduced roadmap should look like this. We trigger some of the more rigid pain points, such as emergency communications and 5G backhaul in remote areas. What can we do further? Can you get there within an hour from New York to Shanghai? Based on their own needs, all walks of life call on aerospace practitioners to provide it with more convenient things. Let’s trigger it first, and they will raise the demand more. The better our infrastructure is built, the industry will prosper and bring more commercial value.
[Commercial aerospace has turned upside down in recent years, giving young and middle-aged technical designers more practical opportunities]
News: Last year, many commercial aerospace companies received more than 1 billion yuan Financing, the second private rocket was put into orbit, and many companies are also building satellite factories. In the six or seven years from the rise of commercial aerospace in 2014 to the present, what is the process of change in the industry?
Liu Jinlong: First of all, our judgment is that this industry is in the early stage of development. But I can also use another word to describe the changes in recent years: earth-shaking. In the past, the aerospace industry did not have capital intervention. Capital intervention means that it may have relatively large commercial value in the future, which is a good indicator.
But if you compare it to other industries, is this financing too much? It’s too little. Comparing the cost of satellites, for satellites of tens to hundreds of kilograms, that is also a cost of tens of millions, and a single star cannot solve any problems. How many satellites can you say with these financing? I think there will be more capital in the future, including industrial capital, will enter this industry. 
Nine-day satellite private enterprise MSI Tangshan Satellite Factory
The main reason for its activity is its immature commercial landing. At present, it has not only explored a direction, but also greatly accelerated the pace of landing. The construction speed is fast, and commercial value can be generated faster, which will promote more capital to enter, and will form a positive cycle, which will promote the industry to move forward faster.
What we see is an industry that is both in its infancy and in an accelerated, earth-shaking change, and it also breeds many new opportunities. Everyone is still huddled together. In the relative chaos and various technological innovations, there will be some clear tracks soon.
At this time, you may not be able to see who will take the lead in this clear track, depending on the accumulation at this stage.
News: What factors do you think may contribute to the emergence of some leading companies?
Liu Jinlong: We have some observations. Companies and research institutions that have invested heavily in technology and have gone ahead have also seen this differentiation. . Just like PPT makes cars, PPT makes stars. To be honest, in the satellite industry, PPT is really a last resort.
Let me say a few words for our friends in the industry. After all, we have attracted such a small amount of investment through this, and there is no bubble. You see, companies that have spent money have all issued satellites. What hasn’t been released yet is that PPT has not received support for star making, and there is no bubble in this industry.
I’ll share a piece of data with you. In a short period of time, long-optical satellites, with the same function and performance, are all ten times faster in weight and cost. Reduced, this is the innovation on the second track I just talked about, and it is also extremely critical. This supports it. This is the reason why some leading companies may appear.
These infrastructures cannot be formed in a short period of time. Its production scale, efficiency, and number of satellite iterations have laid a high time cost for latecomers. With the support of capital, it also takes time to make such technological iterations.
ThisAnother issue is also involved. The big barrier for satellites lies in iteration. Once one satellite goes up, the next one must be iterated. How did the Changguang Satellite team work out at this time? I once interviewed them deeply on this issue.
The consensus we finally reached is to give young people opportunities, to give young people an iterative platform, and let him participate in the development of a star. He feels that there is room for improvement. He will still be the chief designer for the next star, and build the next one. This experience is leapfrogging, which is the most lacking in this industry in the past.
We think this is very valuable. Some leaders in our system have also spoken in the media. If our commercial aerospace development does not bring about an increase, but only transfers a part of the technical force from the system, it will not benefit the development of the entire industry.
We have seen that commercial satellite companies that really want to go to the top must not be based entirely on this path. It must have brought the integration of different industries, The flexible advantages outside the system have given young and middle-aged technical designers more practical opportunities, and promoted technological progress and talent training.
[If you can’t see the stars and the sea, you can’t see the path to solve the problem]
News: Finally, to make a summary, what will you face if you want to build a satellite Internet? Opportunities, what pain points and difficulties will they face?
Liu Jinlong: Our brain is very interesting. It can be simply divided into two pieces. One piece produces bold and creative ideas, but it is quickly lost by the other half of the brain. The housekeeper in the residence took control of it. This is not good, this can’t be realized, and this is difficult.
How should we view such opportunities and challenges here? I think we should adhere to the first physical principle. Are there any points that cannot be broken physically? Or is it a surmountable difficulty? We see great opportunities for satellite Internet, but can those difficulties be overcome step by step? If you look back on the past, you can actually overcome these difficulties slowly. Is it to look at the part of opportunity more completely first, and make the future deduction more perfect?
So these difficulties, I think I have to look at them in two. Part of it is the difficulty of technological research, something that hasn’t been there yet in the world. Part of it can be solved slowly with development. 
China’s first launch The private rocket Hyperbola One is far away. Photo by Chen Xiao
For example, why is the launch cost of commercial rockets high? Because the output is too low. What is the logic of SpaceX now? It will soon occupy Western countries in the world It launches a large share. Once it has no external launch missions, it will launch its own Starlink satellite. The biggest advantage of its continuous launch is that its technology is so good that you can’t compare its cost.
People talk a lot about difficulties. We were taken care of by another housekeeper. We always thought about a lot of difficulties, and the part of opportunities was not well understood. You haven’t seen it yet. The huge potential, if you look at it clearly, will produce many subdivided tracks, whether industrial capital or entrepreneurs will enter. 
The second one succeeded The private rocket Ceres-1, which puts satellites into orbit, Yaoyi. Photo by Chen Xiao
So I think that too much emphasis on reality and difficulties will hinder our progress. Astronauts have a term called “stars and seas”. Now it is borrowed by people in many industries. You can’t see the stars and the sea, and you can’t see the path to solve these problems.
News: What thoughts does SpaceX bring to the development of domestic commercial aerospace?
Liu Jinlong: In a sense, SpaceX helps the world understand this market. There is such a star company to let more people around the world know about commercial aerospace.
From a technical point of view, we really think it is based on a strong industrial chain. This is not complete individual heroism, the family does everything.
On the third level, it is admirable for its bold use of technological innovation, such as the massive use of technologies that were not used in the past in the control phase. CreateThe application of new technologies has given us more courage to explore and created a good environment for our domestic counterparts.
As for how much reference is made to technology, I think it may sometimes take a different path. Will its technology be the most advanced in the future? Not necessarily.
In the process of exploring this kind of technical route, especially like China, the communication technology of terrestrial cellular network has made rapid progress in the past few years, which has given us a very good domestic talent base. .
