“As a married woman of childbearing age who wants to change jobs and end up in another place, I am very worried about the impact of this policy on my job change.” Ms. Sun, who works in an institution in Shanghai, told reporters.

The policy she mentioned is the recent policy of extending maternity leave intensively in many places. Some provinces and cities have extended maternity leave from 30 days to 60 days, and some Provinces have extended maternity leave by 60 days or even 90 days.

However, Ms. Zhang, who now has a child working in a state-owned enterprise in Shanghai, told reporters that she did not have any worries when she heard such news. In a corporate environment, there is no need to try to separate the relationship with the second child and the third child. Our self-confidence comes from our work experience and ability. Why should women prove to the society that they can be trusted by having fewer children.”

Judging from the maternity encouragement policies in various regions, there are generally three methods: extending maternity leave, maternity leave, parental leave for both spouses, etc., payment of maternity allowances or subsidies, and three insuring female employees’ childbirth The cost of the child is included in the payment scope of maternity insurance benefits. Extension of childbirth-related holidays in some areas, mapping Peng Yanqiu< p class="image_desc">Extension of maternity-related holidays in some areas. Mapping Peng Yanqiu

Dong Dengxin, director of the Institute of Financial Securities, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, told the news that maternity policy is a systematic project, from pregnancy to preschool education. There should be government support in the process, which requires a lot of financial investment. He pointed out that to encourage childbirth or increase the overall fertility rate, the most important thing is to provide supporting services throughout the entire stage of the child’s pre-school education. Policies should keep up. From pregnancy to childbirth to postpartum leave and lactation, especially the child’s admission to nursery and nursery, there must be a complete, supporting, and seamless policy. If such a network cannot be constructed, this effect may be greatly reduced.

What impact will the extension of maternity leave and maternity leave have on female employment?

Will the extension of maternity leave and maternity leave affect women’s employment?

Ren Yuan, a professor at the Population Research Institute of Fudan University, told reporters that the recent policies will help reduce the pressure on family fertility, strengthen fertility services andThe support is very positive and helpful. However, the extension of maternity leave may also have some negative effects. For example, the extension of maternity leave will increase the cost of enterprises and weaken the competitiveness of women in the job market.

“Maternity insurance can effectively reduce the cost of childbirth for female employees. However, companies may not only consider The interruption of labor services here also constitutes the cost of enterprise development. Enterprises lack enthusiasm for all kinds of maternity-related holidays.” Ren Yuan also reminded that maternity leave was originally a policy to protect families and women. It is necessary to avoid harming women in the implementation. develop.

Associate Professor Wang Xuebo of the School of Economics at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics told reporters that the original intention of the policy of extending maternity leave is good. Get better rest. But if companies are allowed to bear the full cost of the increase in fertility, it may have unintended consequences in the long run.

“Fundamentally speaking, the goal of enterprises is to pursue profit. Under the market competition mechanism of survival of the fittest, enterprises are facing tremendous pressure to survive, and they have no incentive and motivation to undertake “These costs,” said Wang Xuebo. Many studies have found that companies discriminate against female labor in the labor market, and many companies prefer to choose male labor when recruiting. If women are in a disadvantaged position in the labor market itself, the extended maternity leave policy will worsen their situation in the labor market.

Wang Xuebo believes that it is a family behavior for women to give birth to children. The family and the country are the direct beneficiaries. It is reasonable for the individual and the country to bear some of the burdens, so that the enterprise can afford to pay more. slightly less.

Feng Shuaizhang, dean of the School of Economics and Research Institute of Economics and Society of Jinan University, told the news that there is no need to worry too much. This policy is generally a good policy. “Women are in a dilemma. Now that aging is serious and the fertility rate is low, it is necessary to increase the fertility rate. On the other hand, the population will immediately enter an inflection point and face a shortage of labor force. I am afraid that it will not work for women to withdraw from the labor market. Then our policy must be creative. Conditions, so that women do not have to choose one of the two. The future policy goal is to create such an environment, and maternity leave is part of it.”

“If It is determined in the form of law, so it will be the same for every company, so that the negative impact on women’s employment will be reduced, because everyone has formed such habits and expectations, and it becomes a matter of course.” Feng Shuaizhang believes that the current policy The length of the holiday is more appropriate.

At the same time, Feng Shuizhang believes that such a policy will have different effects on different objects. For groups with a low level of education, the employment impact is relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to increase human capital. By receiving higher education, having higher skills, and reducing the impact, this is the same for men. Human capital is a factor that cannot be ignored.

How to reduce the adverse effects of maternity leave?

Ren Yuan suggested that as a supporting policy for maternity, various maternity leave, parental leave, spouse’s paternity leave, etc., the main question is whether to have these Holidays, but to consider how these policies will be implemented, so as to minimize the damage to the enterprise and the least adverse impact on women. For example, some qualified positions can be encouraged to implement a flexible employment system, and mothers of infants and young children can be allowed to work online for a period of time. This can also ensure women’s participation in the labor market and help companies maintain normal business operations. The impact will be minimal.

Ren Yuan said that since various supporting policies related to childbirth involve the interests and needs of different subjects, the formulation and implementation of policies need to listen to the public’s opinions, which will benefit Do good things well and introduce a win-win policy for all parties.

Feng Shuizhang suggested that on the basis of the current policy, consider increasing the maternity-related leave for men. On the one hand, discrimination against women will be reduced, and on the other hand, men will bear More family responsibilities and more enjoyment of parent-child interaction are good for the growth of children and family harmony. “Women need to work and take care of the family. There is a lot of pressure. If men can participate, it will be beneficial to the family and society. .”

Will more holidays affect economic growth?

Feng Shuaizhang believes that to look at this issue dynamically, we must start from the perspective of human capital. Change the mode of growth. Driven by human capital to improve efficiency, instead of time-driven, family happiness and work efficiency will be higher.”

“Our work needs The backing of a happy family also requires the support and respect of the enterprise. But if only one enterprise does this, the pressure will be greater, so it needs the government to do this kind of guidance. Now the government has introduced such a policy, which is exactly what it is.. “Feng Shuizhang said.