The article is from the public number: industry study (ID: hangyeyanxi) , author: travel extensively president, title figure from: vision China.

1 three private schools

China’s private education has developed rapidly in the past two decades. The main position for development is at the county and village levels. The main target is children from the countryside. Currently, the largest number are private kindergartens. Primary schools and junior high schools have also increased. Continuously divide the source of public education.

The author visited three private schools, namely X kindergarten, F elementary school, and Q school, during a survey in B County, Southeast Guangxi. / span>. Although the years of education are different, there are similarities in development, and their successes and setbacks present general problems in the development of private education.

The following is a brief description of the three schools.

X kindergarten was founded by W principal (born 1987) in 2008 with the support of his mother. The development of kindergartens has gone through two stages. The first stage was the stage of renting and setting up a park on the street from 2008 to 2015. During this period, it moved many times. In 2008, there were only 70 children and 4 full-time teachers. The number of college students has also increased year by year, reaching over 200 by 2015.

The second stage is the stage of moving to the development of new kindergartens from 2015 to the present. In 2015, W invested more than 1 million yuan to build a new three-story education building. The purchase of 3 school buses totaled 600,000 yuan. The number of students increased to 310. Eight grades of each grade, 18 full-time teachers. There are a total of 28 kindergartens in the L town where X kindergarten is located, of which 25 are private kindergartens, only 3 are public kindergartens, and 5 other kindergartens have closed.

F Elementary School was founded by Principal Z in 1998. The investor is Principal Z’s brother-in-law. This person has studied in high school and has been a substitute teacher for a few years. Later, he made some money in the business, and then invested some funds in the office. education. When it was founded in 1998, it was just a kindergarten for Hope kindergarten, and it opened a primary school in 2002. Principal Z has been the principal from 1998 to 2012, and was subsequently replaced by the founder’s daughter-in-law Zhang.

When the primary school was first established, the number of primary schools was small. There were about 200 people in 2002-2003. In 2004, due to the introduction of free compulsory education, the number of schools dropped to more than 60. At present, there are 602 students in the elementary school, 278 in kindergartens, and a total of 50 teachers. F Elementary School is well-known in the town. The school’s performance is among the 341 schools in the county.15 people.

Q School is a high school. It was jointly invested and established by a well-known businessman and officer in 2003. The initial investment was 30 million yuan. School development takes 2013 as the node. In 2012, online application for voluntary enrollment was implemented. After the implementation of graded enrollment for high school schools, the school’s source of high school students dropped sharply. As a third-level school, the quality of student resources decreased, and the results of college entrance examinations were not as good as one year This has affected the number of students.

The school can recruit 2,300 people in 2009, and it has remained until 2013, but the number of students has dropped to 1,800 now, including 600 high school students and more than 1,100 junior high school students.

Q school is now facing development difficulties. First, the development of high school is weak. Every year, there are almost no undergraduate students in the college entrance examination. Junior high school can barely maintain it, but it is no longer as good as the best local high school. Second, the chairman is due to the real estate industry. The recession has affected the capital investment in schools, and investment in teacher welfare, student incentives, and school construction has been reduced a lot. Therefore, the school is facing larger development bottlenecks and challenges.

The three private schools mentioned above are all self-invested schools, and the government has provided less support. (Of course, their irregular operations are also obscured.) >, Strong autonomy in school development. For them, school development not only gains some endogenous advantages, but also faces bottlenecks and limitations that are difficult to surpass.

2 Finance and Performance

Private schools are not the same as public schools. The relationship between the former and the government is more alienated than the latter. The government has more relaxed control over the private schools, and the private schools can develop themselves through the relaxed environment.

The development advantages of private schools include financial control power, personnel management power, student source selection power, class distribution power, and school development power.The advantage of the exhibition has provided a huge space for the rise of private schools.

The key to school development is to manage teachers and students well. The significance of the school’s financial dominance lies in the following: First, it can use high wages to attract outstanding teachers to teach in private schools. Poor and outstanding students come to the school to support the school’s facade .

In the early days of Q School, in order to attract high-quality teachers to enrich the teaching team, the school returned to excellent teacher schools across the country to recruit teachers. The salary level offered was three times higher than the market price. This salary level also attracted local people. Outstanding public teachers.

X kindergarten can recruit young women according to the needs of kindergarten development. Although the salary of the kindergarten is not much different from other local industries, the principal will often organize activities, such as taking teachers to sing, picnic, travel, etc. There are more recreational benefits of various types, and young teachers have deeper feelings for the school, so they can compete beyond public schools.

A popular saying from local children is “We want young aunt to teach, not grandma” (Grandma refers to the public teachers who are older in public kindergartens, because Idle excess is assigned to kindergarten teaching) .

In order to recruit good students, Q School recruits outstanding students in various townships. The top 10 students in each township quiz are free of tuition for 3 years. After each semester of the test, scholarships are set up in grades and 5 first prizes are awarded. Each award is 2,000 yuan, 6 second prizes are 1,000 yuan each, 9 third prizes are 500 yuan each.

There is also a single subject award, which rewards 500 yuan for the single subject champion. Since the students with outstanding grades in the school are mostly children from poor families, this reward is very significant for them.

Second is the ability to use funds to exercise discretionary power to set performance salary rewards to mobilize teacher competition and teaching enthusiasm. F Elementary introduces clear teachersManagement system, set bonuses to reward teachers through quantitative management scores, such as the final academic award, the specific system is as follows:

Minimum points for reaching the standard, each with a minimum bonus of 60 yuan, each increase of 5% (or 5 points) plus a bonus of 20 yuan , The maximum bonus is 120 yuan;

Based on the results from the previous period, each time you increase by 5%, you will get a bonus of 20 yuan for each 5% (or 5 points) . (Average double best, double and bonus for language and math teachers) ;

Based on the achievement of the standard, each time it drops by 5% (or 5 points) Rebate bonus of 20 yuan; For each period, the score will drop by 5% on the basis of the previous period. (or 5 points) 20 yuan in rebate;

One. The first phase of the third grade will be rewarded and punished based on the achievement of the standard. Each promotion or decrease is 5%. (or 5 points) plus bonus or rebate 20 Yuan, the maximum bonus is 100 yuan;

The sixth grade graduation semester is rewarded based on the results of the end of the school and the graduation test;

Do not deduct academic bonuses on salary, double excellent, double and non-reversal;

You cannot discount bonuses between classes;

If there is cheating, (final examinations, assessments) or scoring behaviors at the end of the assessments, cancel the semester bonus and assessment Advanced qualification.

The regulations and other systems are of great significance for mobilizing the enthusiasm of school teachers. The teachers in F primary school work preemptively and the teaching team is very stable. The school has more than 20 teachers who have taught for more than 8 years.

3 Teachers and students

The teachers of private schools have to rely on their own solutions and enjoy the right of personnel management, which means that schools can recruit teachers according to their own needs.

Public schools are faced with the dilemma of teacher replenishment, that is, I need music teachers, but they are supplemented by Chinese teachers, and often face the problem of insufficient teacher replenishment. But when private schools recruit teachers, they can recruit teachers according to their own needs, and they can recruit teachers in any subject, either comprehensive or professional .

Second, teachers can be used to the fullest extent. Insufficient teachers ‘incentives are common in public schools. It is difficult for school principals to mobilize teachers’ teaching enthusiasm. However, private schools can rely on the incentive system to mobilize. To recruit new teachers, if you want to stay in school and continue to teach, you must obey the school’s management regulations. Private schools have personnel management rights and can allocate and utilize teacher resources with maximum efficiency.

Student source selection right mainly means that private schools have the right to choose which students the school accepts and which students they do not accept. The significance of the right to choose students is that for the sake of their own development, the school can refuse to accept students with hidden safety hazards and disruptive effects, and can order students to drop out of the school if students violate disciplines and regulations and teach repeatedly.

In public schools, due to the increasingly perfect student management system and the over-protection of minors, schools have lost the means and conditions for managing students, dare not punish students who have deviated, and cannot even fire students, so that school teachers are fired. Naughty students are overwhelmed by toss.

Private schools have their own advantages when recruiting students. First, they can be screened conditionally. Q schools and F elementary schools will conduct simple interviews when recruiting students. Q will conduct interviews for students with a quiz score below 200. Investigate their behaviors, speech, and ability to deal with others. Schools will reject students who are too naughty or have no motivation to learn, and avoid hindering education.

Second, students who can violate regulations and discipline can be expelled. For example, the junior third student of the school, Bin Mou, used the helper to get things into the teacher’s office, stole the teacher’s mobile phone, and found that he had a bad attitude when he found it. The school gave him a dismissal. For students that affect the school atmosphere, schools can take tough measures to deal with it.

Class distribution right refers to the school’s autonomy in how to allocate classes and teachers. At present, the education department advocates balanced class placement to promote the balanced development of education. However, under the comparison of the performance of test-oriented education, the efficiency of balanced class placement is not as high as the efficiency of classified management, and teaching performance will be affected to a certain extent, especially in rural schools due to student resources. Large differences in quality are most affected.

In private schools, schools may not evenly allocate students to each class in accordance with the requirements of balanced division of education in the education sector. Experimental classes and ordinary classes may be set up, with a focus on teacher input in different classes. Schools achieve teaching results quickly and efficiently.

The right to school development refers to the right to determine school development orientation and school development goals. The development direction of public schools is specified by the education department, and the requirements for test-oriented education must be developed in accordance with the requirements of test-oriented education. To turn to quality education, we must immediately change direction.

For private schools, the establishment of the school’s development direction is related to the idea of ​​the school ’s founders, and also to the overall interests of school development. Private schools will be based on market demand. (I.e. Parental requirements) to determine the direction and profitability of school development.

For example, F elementary school in the townships and towns relies on student performance as a selling point for school development, and through various methods to increase the enthusiasm of teachers to improve student performance, but the construction of school infrastructure is seriously inadequate, the student learning environment and teacher office conditions are very difference.

Q School is located in the county seat. It mainly relies on quality education as the advantage of school development. The school’s infrastructure construction is very complete and complete. It was the best building in the county 20 years ago. It is still a relatively advanced building and the school relies on various A variety of activities promote quality education. Students can be educated and disciplined in schools, so they can attract the wealthy families in the city.

Private schools rely on the above development autonomy, and they can obtain corresponding advantages in teacher recruitment, student recruitment, teacher and student management, and achievement achievement. The above advantages can make great progress.

4 Triple Stress

Private schools, as an independent legal entity responsible for their own profits and losses, have their own funds to run the school, so the school’s development pressure is entirely borne by the school. School development pressure is manifested in at least three aspects: one is funding pressure, the other is teacher stability pressure, and the third is student recruitment pressure.

Financial pressure includes pressure on school infrastructure construction, maintenance and improvement, and pressure on teachers’ wages. Generally, the starting point of the infrastructure of private schools is high, which means that the cost of maintenance, management, and improvement of schools will be relatively high, and teachers of private schools are hired.Higher wages than the market labor force are more likely to lose teachers.

The pressure on teacher stability comes from three aspects. One is from the issue of wages. If wages cannot be raised in a timely manner, it will cause teachers to be dissatisfied and even leave. The second is the pressure from teachers’ work. As a kind of enterprise organization, private schools implement the principle of maximizing efficiency in the use of teachers. They are generally more tired and pressured than public teachers. The third reason is the insecurity of hired teachers without the guarantee of establishment. Many young teachers are recruited into private schools to accumulate experience before they are admitted to public schools.

At present, due to the slump in the real estate industry of the founder of Q School, the cash income of the school is used to fill the problem of the development of real estate projects. As a result, the school construction and the treatment of teachers have not been improved, which has affected the long-term development of the school. Although the elementary school of F elementary school is stable, the school dare not recruit young teachers. Because of the fear of the loss of young teachers, the old teachers have the problem of insufficient teaching vitality and stamina, and there will be some difficulties in updating the knowledge.

Stress for recruiting students is the most important issue from the beginning to the end of school development. Schools cannot develop without sufficient students. Therefore, schools must try to attract students from the beginning. Because public schools have national policy guarantees and accumulated people’s trust, enrollment is not a big problem (Similar to the problem of student drain in rural schools) . Private schools need sufficient strength and influence to win students from public schools.

The enrollment predicament of private schools is that it is difficult for them to recruit high-quality students. Because high-quality students generally choose the best public school in the local area, they can recruit some wealthy sons and daughters, but the sons and daughters are difficult to manage and the second is to affect The school atmosphere has prevented more people from choosing to report to the school. Therefore, private schools need to balance the dilemma in enrollment.

With the development of society and economy, families of outstanding students are generally no longer poor, and private schools are no longer attractive for rewarding outstanding students in rural areas, and it is becoming increasingly difficult for schools to recruit high-quality students.


5 Localization of private education?

The soil for the development of private education in China is very different from that in the West. The development of private education in the West is the result of the distribution of state and social responsibilities. School development depends on social support and family purchases. Its development is not a for-profit demand, but is focused on the development of education itself.exhibition.

The development of China’s private education is accompanied by the lack of public education during the social transition period and the family’s pursuit of quality education. (Better infrastructure, better Education environment, better education quality) developed, school sponsors mostly invest in running schools, have certain profit needs (can even be said to have Strong profit impulse) , school development needs to make a trade-off between the two goals of profit and education.

In this case, we must reflect on the localization of the development of private education in our country. First, we must vigorously promote it; second, what kind of problems private education should solve;

To answer the first question, it is clear that private education needs to pay a certain amount of tuition. The better the school, the higher the cost. If private schools are vigorously developed, it means that the level of enjoyment of educational resources will be equivalent to the level of economics. People at the upper level of the economy can enjoy the best education resources, while those below the economic level can only accept the worst Educational Resources.

The risk of vigorously developing private education is that one is to inhibit and impact the development of public schools, making the publicity and fairness of schools lost, and the other is to achieve class separation through education and inhibit the flow of classes, thereby Risk of underlying disorder and even riots .

Therefore, from the perspective of China’s social structure, China has a large number of people at the bottom. If we vigorously develop private education, we will create a crisis at the bottom.

To answer the second question, we need to consider the current situation of urbanization and the development of education in China. The advantage of private education is that as a market subject, it has a strong sense of market and keen sense, and can grasp the education of different groups. demand.

For now, private education canThe problems that are also being solved are the problem of stay-behind, that is, the problem of making up for the insufficient development of family education, the problem of education development based on test-oriented education, and the problem of insufficient investment in running schools caused by insufficient local finance. Private schools have been able to develop with the help of problems such as insufficient family education, family education needs, and insufficient government financial resources.

The third issue involves the consideration of the rapid development of private education. At present, there are not many private schools that can continue to develop. Many schools have lost their stamina after the funding chain is broken or a policy is issued by the education department, and they are even facing the end of bankruptcy.

The government can consider the use of social capital to develop private schools, jointly run schools with the government and social forces, and use private schools to solve the problems faced by families and the government. The government exercises certain supervision over private schools and provides certain policy support. This enables private schools to both solve problems for the locality and secure long-term development through social recognition and gains.

The article is from the public number: , author: travel extensively president