This article is from the WeChat public account: made (ID: xingshu100) , author: Tian Xiaonuo, head of FIG source: IC photo

If you plan on 2020Learn a new skill, and you may now be on the verge of giving up. Whether it’s learning a language or a musical instrument, or planning a career-enhancing course, progress is always desperately slow, and the initial enthusiasm won’t keep you going too long.

When you give up on the brink of struggling, you may think that you just lack a talent. Some lucky people are born with this talent, they are always easy to learn any new skills, and you are just not so lucky, you just happen to lack this talent.

But this is not the case. Many knowledgeable people, whether the famous Charles Darwin (Charles Darwin) or Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman (Richard Feynman) claims that their IQ is no different from ordinary people.

Their IQ is irrelevant for the time being, but the latest neuroscience research shows that as long as the appropriate learning strategy is used, the vast majority of people have enough IQ to learn new skills.

Many studies in the field of neuroscience are based on Robert Bjork (Robert Bjork) and Elizabeth Bjork (Elizabeth Bjork) theory of “necessary difficulties”. The “necessary difficulty” theory refers to deliberately creating a slight frustration during learning, which can make the brain’s processing of learning materials deeper and more durable. Just like physical exercise, you will feel muscle aches at first, but if you persist for a long time, your physical fitness will naturally get better and better.

Unfortunately, many of the learning techniques we use today, such as reading while focusing, drawing colorful mind maps, etc., are not challenging enough for our brains, so we cannot remember what we have Learn the information, learning effects can be imagined.

Carolina Kuepper-Tetzel, a psychologist at the University of Glasgow and a member of the Learning Scientist website (Carolina Kuepper-Tetzel) : “When we studyTend to use learning techniques that are easy and effortless. “But they do not translate into long-term memory of knowledge. “

Today we will provide you with some learning methods to help you become a super learner. No matter what you plan to learn, the following methods can help you correct bad habits and make you have an enviable memory.

Preschool Test

Why should we test even if the pre-school test cannot answer? Let’s answer this question with a test. Do you know how to say “thank you” in Finnish?

The answer is “kiitos”.

If you’re not Finnish, you probably don’t think you can answer it. But because of the meditation you have when answering, the likelihood of you remembering this answer is greatly increased. Psychological research shows that even if one question is not answered correctly in the preschool test, it can prepare the brain to absorb information in a targeted way in the later learning process.

This is true of memories of simple things and deeper understanding of complex materials. In one study, participants accepted an article about visual neuroscience before reading a paper on visual neuroscience by Oliver Sachs. Visual neuroscience test. As a result, their learning efficiency is 10% to 15% higher than students who read longer. No matter what you are studying now, a pre-school test will strengthen your later learning effects even if you don’t answer correctly.

Teach others

In addition to the pre-school test, you may want to take a test to see how well you are learning. This is called a “retrieval exercise” in psychology, which can strengthen the memory of knowledge. In controlled experiments, the learning effect of retrieval exercises far outweighs mind maps. As Dr. Cooper-Tezell said: “Testing is often seen as a way to evaluate knowledge. However, testing itself is an effective learning strategy, and it has been scientifically proven that it can improve long-term memory of knowledge.”

This may be one of the reasons for the poor performance of the flashcard test. Because you think such self-tests are purely a test of memory, you may go to the answer when you don’t remember it. However, if you want to remember better, you have to really rack your brains before giving upIn retrospect, the memory effect is better.

The learning effect of retrieval exercises far outweighs mind maps

Mirjam Ebersbach (Mirjam Ebersbach) , University of Kassel, Germany, said: “The more you find when you search The harder it is to strengthen your memory, the better. “If you’re studying for an exam, try to find out what you don’t understand and ask questions instead of just reading books. Ebersbach found that the process of questioning raises learning by itself, because it forces you to reorganize the material in a new way.

Perhaps the most effective way to learn is to try to teach someone what you have learned, because it will give you a deeper understanding of what you are learning. If you don’t have a companion who is willing to listen to your lecture, you can imagine speaking to someone, or writing an email, listing as much detail as you can.

Conversion Learning

Don’t spend too much time on a learning task-often switch between learning tasks. For example, if you are learning a new language, you may switch between two or three vocabularies, or between different verb tenses, rather than learning one after the other.

This strategy is called cross-learning, and it’s just as frustrating as a preschool test, because you can’t really remember it before you switch. But according to the theory of necessary difficulties, this is why it works. A large number of studies have shown that temporary memory disorder can greatly improve the effect of long-term memory.

In addition to promoting knowledge learning, cross-learning can also strengthen your hands-on skills. For example, if you are learning a musical instrument, you canSwitching between practiced songs will increase learning efficiency significantly.

Motion up

In the popular impression, those smart people are always sedentary, but the opposite is true. The best learners are also the sports lovers, because aerobic exercise stimulates dopamine, adrenaline, etc. Neurotransmitters are released and they play an important role in the process of memory formation. This means your mind will be more active after a morning run or a gym workout. So, try to arrange your study time according to your current exercise plan, and your memory may naturally increase.

Changing the learning environment

Have you noticed that when you return to your hometown, those long memories of the past will suddenly come to mind? This is because our memories are closely related to the environment, that is, our memories are largely affected by environmental factors.

Situation-related memories can trigger pleasant nostalgia, but they can also cause us to have trouble thinking in actual learning. If we often learn or practice a certain skill in one place, our memories are closely linked to the sights, sounds, and smells of that place. When we were at the examination room, these clues were absent from the environment, and it was difficult for us to recall the same knowledge in this new environment.

To avoid this, we should try to learn in different places. Professor Robert Bjork and his colleagues have found that studying in different classrooms alone can increase learning efficiency by 21%.

Awake rest

Give the brain some time to recover after fighting all these necessary difficulties. What I’m talking about here is not time like watching TV, but really doing nothing. Professor Michaela Dewar of Edinburgh’s Heriot-Watt University (Michaela Dewar) found that without any external stimulus, “wake up “Ground rest” allows the brain to consolidate the memory of what it has learned.

So close your eyes, relax, and let your thoughts go where they want to-because you know your brain is busy consolidating youLearning and memory.

This article is from WeChat public account: made (ID: xingshu100), author: Tian Xiaona