As the general manager of China Nonferrous Metals Leading Corporation of China Aluminum Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “China Aluminum Group”), Yu Dehui’s proposal submitted this year has nothing to do with “aluminum”. Before May 20th, the National People’s Political Consultative Conference, Yu Dehui, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, general manager of Chinalco Group, and deputy secretary of the Party Group, accepted an exclusive interview with the surging journalist (ww.thepaper.cn), “I mainly bring two proposals this year. : One is the proposal to strictly control the blind expansion of copper smelting capacity and accelerate the supply-side structural reform; the second is the proposal to support state-owned enterprises to run vocational education to promote higher quality and more full employment. “
Since 2008, China ’s copper smelting industry has developed rapidly, with output increasing by nearly 200%. At present, China is the world’s largest producer of refined copper, accounting for half of the world’s output. However, Yu Dehui pointed out, “At present, domestic copper smelting capacity is still expanding blindly, overcapacity continues to intensify, the self-sufficiency rate of copper concentrates has rapidly declined, and it has caused serious impacts on the ecological environment. Structural conflicts in the copper smelting industry have become prominent.”
He believes that in order to prevent serious surplus problems in the copper smelting industry, under the premise of allocating resources in the market, it is necessary to strengthen macro-policy guidance and industrial legal constraints, through vigorous implementation of “one strict control and one optimization” “One upgrade” to promote structural reforms on the supply side of copper smelting to achieve transformation and upgrading and high-quality development.
In addition, Yu Dehui also mentioned that the new crown epidemic that began a large-scale outbreak in January this year has made the employment problem more prominent, and it has affected college graduates, migrant workers, and people with employment difficulties. The impact of other key groups is even more serious. He put forward, “supporting enterprises to become the main body of vocational education, deepening the integration of industry and education, and school-enterprise cooperation is an inevitable choice for the development of high-quality vocational education, which is not only conducive to alleviating the current employment pressure, but also training high-quality workers and technical skills, The strategic move to break the structural employment contradictions and achieve higher quality and fuller employment. “
Yu Dehui suggested that under the current new situation,” the relevant measures should be adopted Give full play to the advantages of stabilizing employment for vocational education by state-owned enterprises. “
China Aluminum Group was established in 2001 and is an important state-owned key enterprise under central management, mainly engaged in mineral resourcesSource development, non-ferrous metal smelting and processing, related trade and engineering and technical services, etc., alumina, electrolytic aluminum, fine alumina production capacity ranks first in the world, copper industry comprehensive strength first in the country, lead zinc germanium comprehensive strength fourth in the world. Of rare earths in China are the most complete industry integration leading enterprises in China ’s rare earth industry chain. Chinalco has been selected as the world’s top 500 for 12 consecutive years. In 2019, its total assets exceeded 660 billion yuan, operating income exceeded 350 billion yuan, and six holding subsidiaries achieved domestic and overseas listing.
In recent years, Chinalco has thoroughly implemented the new development concept, adhered to the development idea of “scientifically controlling upstream, optimizing and adjusting the midstream, and leapfrogging downstream development” to become stronger and better The four core industries of aluminum, copper, rare earth, lead and zinc, accelerate the development of the four coordinated industries of engineering technology, industrial services, capital finance, trade and logistics, and actively develop the four emerging industries of environmental protection and energy conservation, innovation and development, intelligent technology and overseas development To form a new industrial pattern of high-quality development.
Surging news: What proposal did you bring this year? Please give a brief introduction.
Yu Dehui: This year brings two proposals: one is to strictly control the blind expansion of copper smelting capacity and accelerate the supply-side structural reform; the other is to support state-owned enterprises to run vocational education to promote higher quality And proposals for more full employment.
Surging news : Why focus on these two topics?
Yu Dehui: The first proposal is because copper is not only an important nonferrous metal resource, but also an important strategic resource related to the country ’s social and economic security. Since 2008, China’s copper smelting industry has developed rapidly, with an output growth of nearly 200%. The problems of blind expansion and low-level repetitive construction are prominent. The industry has a low degree of industrial intensification, the competitiveness is not strong, and structural contradictions are increasingly prominent.
Surging news: What proposal did you bring this year? Please give a brief introduction.
Yu Dehui: This year brings two proposals: one is to strictly control the blind expansion of copper smelting capacity and accelerate the supply-side structural reform; the other is to support state-owned enterprises to run vocational education to promote higher quality And proposals for more full employment.
Surging news : Why focus on these two topics?
Yu Dehui: The first proposal is because copper is not only an important nonferrous metal resource, but also an important strategic resource related to the country ’s social and economic security. Since 2008, China’s copper smelting industry has developed rapidly, with an output growth of nearly 200%. The problems of blind expansion and low-level repetitive construction are prominent. The industry has a low degree of industrial intensification, the competitiveness is not strong, and structural contradictions are increasingly prominent.
The second proposal is to take into account that this new crown epidemic has made China ’s employment problems under trade friction and increasing downward pressure on the economy more prominent. , Key groups such as migrant workers, people with employment difficulties, etc. are more severely hit. To promote the employment priority policy in an all-round way, we must pay attention to key people and key areas, and give full play to the important role of vocational education in stabilizing employment and achieving higher quality and fuller employment.
In recent years, the countrySuccessively promulgated the Measures for the Promotion of School-Enterprise Cooperation in Vocational Schools and the Implementation Plan for National Vocational Education Reform, etc., further emphasizing the support and encouragement of industry enterprises to establish vocational education. Supporting enterprises to become the main body of vocational education, deepening the integration of industry and education, and school-enterprise cooperation is an inevitable choice for the development of high-quality vocational education, which is not only conducive to alleviating the current employment pressure, but also training high-quality workers and technical skills to crack structural employment Contradictions, the strategic move to achieve higher quality and fuller employment.
Surging news : China is the world’s largest producer of refined copper, and its output occupies half of the world. What do you think are the problems with the industry after developing such a huge force?
Yu Dehui: At present, domestic copper smelting capacity is still expanding blindly, the overcapacity continues to intensify, the self-sufficiency rate of copper concentrates rapidly declines, which has a serious impact on the ecological environment, and the structural contradictions of the copper smelting industry are prominent. There are three main aspects:
Surging news : China is the world’s largest producer of refined copper, and its output occupies half of the world. What do you think are the problems with the industry after developing such a huge force?
Yu Dehui: At present, domestic copper smelting capacity is still expanding blindly, the overcapacity continues to intensify, the self-sufficiency rate of copper concentrates rapidly declines, which has a serious impact on the ecological environment, and the structural contradictions of the copper smelting industry are prominent. There are three main aspects:
First, the overcapacity of copper smelting has increased. In 2019, China’s refined copper production capacity has reached 12.59 million tons per year, investment in the copper smelting industry has increased by 40.9% year-on-year; refined copper output is 9.78 million tons, and the capacity utilization rate is less than 80%. With the expansion of new and expanded production capacity, it is expected to reach 14.22 million tons per year in 2021, which will further exacerbate overcapacity.
Secondly, copper concentrates have become more dependent on foreign countries. As a national strategic resource, copper resources account for only 4.60% of the world ’s copper resources. The economically recoverable reserves of copper mine resources continue to decline. The copper concentrate self-sufficiency rate has dropped from 43.25% in 2000 to the current 22.8%. Serious shortage, the degree of external dependence has further expanded.
Third, the pressure on the ecological environment is more prominent. As a high energy-consuming industry, copper smelting consumes about 1 ton of standard coal and 5 to 10 tons of water resources for each ton of refined copper produced, and a large amount of waste acid, waste alkali, heavy metals and tailings will be produced in the smelting process The negative externality of the ecological environment increases the risk of environmental protection; the inadequate absorption capacity of by-products such as sulfuric acid also limits the release of established capacity and causes waste of resources. Especially during the new crown epidemic this year, the problem of surplus sulfuric acid is more significant, and the risk of expansion of the warehouse continues to rise. Many smelters have sold sulfuric acid at a price of 100-200 yuan per ton.
Surging news : Based on your analysis of the structural contradictions in the copper smelting industry, what is your suggestion?
Yu Dehui : In order to prevent serious surplus problems in the copper smelting industry, it is necessary to strengthen macro policy guidance and industrial legal constraints under the premise of allocating resources in the market, and vigorously implement “one strict control, one optimization, one upgrade” To promote structural reforms on the supply side of copper smelting and achieve transformation and upgrading and high-quality development.
Surging news : Based on your analysis of the structural contradictions in the copper smelting industry, what is your suggestion?
Yu Dehui : In order to prevent serious surplus problems in the copper smelting industry, it is necessary to strengthen macro policy guidance and industrial legal constraints under the premise of allocating resources in the market, and vigorously implement “one strict control, one optimization, one upgrade” To promote structural reforms on the supply side of copper smelting and achieve transformation and upgrading and high-quality development.
First, strictly control the new capacity of copper smelting. As soon as possible, the “Copper Industry Standard Conditions” will be revised and issued, with strict access conditions and restrictions, and equal or reduced replacements will be applied for approval to stop the blind expansion of new production capacity. Focus on supporting the joint reorganization of copper smelting enterprises, improve the level of industrial intensification, resolutely eliminate the “zombie enterprises” of copper smelting, eliminate backward production capacity, and reduce excess production capacity. Orderly guide the development of the recycled copper industry, strengthen the recycling of waste copper resources through the “Internet + recycling” method, reduce domestic copper mine resources and smelting energy consumption, and improve the modernization level of the copper smelting industry chain.
Second, optimize the layout of the copper smelting industry. Actively respond to the “Belt and Road” initiative, orderly guide and support domestic leading enterprises to carry out international cooperation, while avoiding homogenous competition, promote mineral mining, smelting and processing, equipment, engineering technology to go out, layout and construction of overseas copper production The base will control overseas high-quality copper resources and improve the country’s strategic resource support capabilities. Encourage qualified copper smelting enterprises to implement cross-industry and cross-regional reduction and mergers and reorganizations, and orderly transfer to coastal areas with advantages in resources, energy, and consumption, use overseas copper resources more conveniently, and promote Overseas sales, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency and marginal benefit of resources and energy.
Third, upgrade copper smelting industry technology. While strictly controlling production capacity and optimizing the layout, by accelerating intelligent and green transformation, a number of intelligent mines and smelters will be built to achieve efficient utilization of copper resources. Promote the joint reorganization of multi-party technologies by enterprises, industry associations, and scientific research institutes, promote the common technology upgrade of copper smelting, overcome the associated rare precious metal extraction technology, and promote the advanced industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain. Accelerate the research and development of copper smelting tailings secondary separation, comprehensive utilization, deep processing and other technologies, upgrade the environmental recovery and governance technologies of mines and tailings areas, promote the integration of resource-based and environmentally friendly industries, and increase resource output rate and value creativity, To achieve green development of copper smelting.
Peng Pao News : Regarding the second proposal, what do you think of the overall situation in terms of vocational education held by state-owned enterprises?
Yu Dehui : State-owned enterprises used to be the main force for holding vocational education, but with the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises to strip off the social functions of enterprises and the preferential fiscal and tax policies supporting state-owned enterprises to hold vocational education, the lack of detailed implementation rules has made state-owned enterprises less enthusiastic about holding vocational education , Scale reduction, and function degradation. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 680 vocational colleges held by industry enterprises nationwide, accounting for about half of the total number of vocational colleges; more than 3,400 vocational schools are held, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number of vocational schools, but state-owned enterprises The held higher vocational colleges and vocational schools accounted for less than 6% and 1% of the total, respectively.
Peng Pao News : With the increasing pressure of social employment, what measures do you think can improve the quality of vocational colleges, so as to give full play to the advantages of stabilizing employment in vocational education run by state-owned enterprises?
Yu Dehui: First, carefully implement various policies to support vocational education in state-owned enterprises. It is recommended to cover public finances to vocational colleges run by state-owned enterprises, and provide per capita funding for vocational colleges run by state-owned enterprises. At the same time, it is recommended that the relevant departments improve the implementation rules of preferential policies such as finance, land and tax, and offset the education surcharge and local education surcharge payable by enterprises according to a certain proportion of the investment amount, stimulate the state-owned enterprises to organize high-quality vocational education, and promote the state-owned enterprises to be more proactive Recruit migrant workers, retired soldiers, and laid-off workers for vocational education and periodic training, so as to better play the ballast stone role of state-owned enterprises in stabilizing employment and expanding employment.
Peng Pao News : Regarding the second proposal, what do you think of the overall situation in terms of vocational education held by state-owned enterprises?
Yu Dehui : State-owned enterprises used to be the main force for holding vocational education, but with the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises to strip off the social functions of enterprises and the preferential fiscal and tax policies supporting state-owned enterprises to hold vocational education, the lack of detailed implementation rules has made state-owned enterprises less enthusiastic about holding vocational education , Scale reduction, and function degradation. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 680 vocational colleges held by industry enterprises nationwide, accounting for about half of the total number of vocational colleges; more than 3,400 vocational schools are held, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number of vocational schools, but state-owned enterprises The held higher vocational colleges and vocational schools accounted for less than 6% and 1% of the total, respectively.
Peng Pao News : With the increasing pressure of social employment, what measures do you think can improve the quality of vocational colleges, so as to give full play to the advantages of stabilizing employment in vocational education run by state-owned enterprises?
Yu Dehui: First, carefully implement various policies to support vocational education in state-owned enterprises. It is recommended to cover public finances to vocational colleges run by state-owned enterprises, and provide per capita funding for vocational colleges run by state-owned enterprises. At the same time, it is recommended that the relevant departments improve the implementation rules of preferential policies such as finance, land and tax, and offset the education surcharge and local education surcharge payable by enterprises according to a certain proportion of the investment amount, stimulate the state-owned enterprises to organize high-quality vocational education, and promote the state-owned enterprises to be more proactive Recruit migrant workers, retired soldiers, and laid-off workers for vocational education and periodic training, so as to better play the ballast stone role of state-owned enterprises in stabilizing employment and expanding employment.
The second is to take multiple measures to improve the incentive mechanism for state-owned enterprises to run vocational education. It is recommended that the state continue to implement the policy of enrollment expansion in higher vocational colleges, encourage more recent high school graduates and migrant workers, retired soldiers, and laid-off workers to apply for examinations, and provide resources for state-owned enterprises to rationally optimize the employment mix according to their own development needs. Support state-owned enterprises to learn from the German “dual system” and other models, innovate the school-enterprise cooperation model, independently recruit or jointly recruit young migrant workers, retired soldiers, laid-off workers, etc. According to the training cost of different occupations (types of work), the state provides training subsidies of 4000-6000 yuan per person per year in accordance with regulations. During the training and internship period, the company will grant a certain amount of subsidies. After the end of schooling, priority will be given to the placement of employment in state-owned enterprises, and the role of the state-owned enterprises in stabilizing employment for vocational education will be given full play. The current employment pressure will be eased in the short term and the structural employment contradictions will be resolved in the long term. .
The third is to establish and improve the system of supporting state-owned enterprises to run vocational education. It is recommended to revise the “Vocational Education Law” as soon as possible, clarify the responsibilities and obligations of state-owned enterprises to organize vocational education, and formulate specific implementation measures for state-owned enterprises to organize vocational education. Explore the optimization and integration of resources by state-owned enterprise group companies or state-owned capital investment and operation companies, and actively exploreThe model of centralized operation and professional management aims at advanced manufacturing industries and other fields where technical skills are in short supply, and builds a number of high-level professional production and education integration training bases with radiation leadership to enhance the key professional construction and the level of cooperation between schools and enterprises ， According to the needs and characteristics of different students, according to the aptitude education, accurate training, training high-quality industrial talents and blue-collar craftsmen, so that everyone can stand out, achieve higher quality and full employment, for China ’s industrial foundation advanced and industrial chain modern Provide talent support.