On May 30, Xinhua News Agency was authorized to release the “Report on the Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets in 2019 and the Draft Central and Local Budgets in 2020” (hereinafter referred to as the “Report”).

This is the final version that the Ministry of Finance submitted to the Third Session of the 13th National People ’s Congress for deliberation during the two sessions of this year. The “Report” details the details of the so-called “4 books” of the national finance in 2019 and 2020, namely the general public budget, government fund budget, state-owned capital operating budget and social insurance fund budget.

A reporter from Peng Mei News (www.thepaper.cn) found that an obvious feature of this year ’s financial arrangements is that the central government ’s transfer payments to local governments have increased significantly compared to last year: the central government The financial transfer payments to local governments were 83,915 billion yuan, an increase of 12.8%. Last year, this figure was 744.151 billion yuan, an increase of nearly one trillion yuan this year. This is a necessary choice to maintain the operation of the grass-roots level in the context of this year’s epidemic’s significant impact on the grass-roots finances.


National fiscal revenue fell by 5.3%

According to the report, in 2020, the national general public budget revenue was 1802.7 billion yuan, a decrease of 5.3%. This is the first time this year’s fiscal revenue decline is clear. Earlier, Minister of Finance Liu Kun revealed that the general public budget revenue for 2020 is expected to be lower than the previous year.

The reason is undoubtedly the huge impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic on fiscal revenue growth. “Report” analysis said that at present, due to the impact of the global epidemic, the world economy is seriously in recession, the supply chain of the industrial chain is blocked, international trade and investment are shrinking, and the commodity market is turbulent. Domestic consumption, investment and exports have declined, employment pressure has increased significantly, and the difficulties of enterprises, especially private enterprises, small and medium-sized and micro enterprises have become more prominent, the contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure has intensified, and the pressure on fiscal operation has increased.

According to the current data, from January to April this year, fiscal revenue fell by 14.5%, of which January fell by 3.9%, February fell by 21.4%, and fell in March 26.1%, a decrease of 15% in April, and the decline has been shrinking after expanding month by month in the first quarter.

The “Report” predicts: It is expected that in the next few months of this year, with the restoration of the order of production and living, fiscal revenue will start to stabilize and rebound, but there is still greater uncertainty. General public budget revenue may maintain negative growth in the second quarter, and growth may resume in the second half of the year and make up for part of the reduction in the first halfClose.

In contrast to the decrease in income, fiscal expenditure this year has increased. According to the “Report,” this year’s national general public budget expenditure was 24.785 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.8%.

From the perspective of fiscal expenditure, we must coordinate the promotion of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, fully guarantee the completion of the decisive battle and the goal of poverty alleviation, and fully build a well-off society. Fiscal expenditure still needs Maintain a certain level of strength, especially when all levels of finance invest a lot of money for epidemic prevention and control, the implementation of the “six guarantees” task, and the implementation of tax cuts and fees also require financial support. .


The main expenditure direction revolves around the “six guarantees”

From the perspective of the central level, the central government ’s expenditure is 3503.5 billion yuan, down 0.2% . Among them, the breakdown of projects has risen and fallen:

General public service expenditures were 172.176 billion yuan, down 13.3%; diplomatic expenditures were 54.305 billion yuan, down 11.8%; Yuan, an increase of 6.6%; public safety expenditure of 183.272 billion yuan, an increase of 0.7%; education expenditure of 169.99 billion yuan, a decrease of 7.5% (after adding local expenditure, national education expenditure increased by 5.4%); science and technology expenditure was 319.651 billion yuan, a decrease of 9.1 % (After adding local expenditures, national science and technology expenditures increased by 3.1%); grain, oil and material reserves expenditures were 1,216.18 billion yuan, an increase of 1%; debt interest payments were 539.943 billion yuan, an increase of 18.2%.

In general, the key direction of national fiscal expenditures this year is closely around the “six guarantees” goal previously proposed by the central government, which is to ensure employment, basic livelihood and security of residents Main market, guarantee food and energy security, guarantee the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain, and ensure the operation of the grassroots.

In terms of employment, the “Report” proposes that the central government arrange for employment subsidy funds of 53.9 billion yuan, making good use of more than 100 billion yuan of vocational skills extracted from the unemployment insurance fund balance. Action account funds, as well as special awards and replenishment funds for structural adjustment of industrial enterprises, promote local implementation of various employment and entrepreneurship policies. We will give proactive support to the employment of key population groups such as college graduates, retired soldiers, and migrant workers, and promote employment and entrepreneurship through multiple channels.

In terms of people ’s livelihood, according toThe “Report” requires that basic people’s livelihood expenditures should only increase and not decrease, and expenditures in key areas must be effectively guaranteed. For example, in terms of health, the “Report” proposes to resolutely implement the requirements of normalized epidemic prevention and control, increase financial investment, highlight sustainability and ensure the bottom line, and promote the improvement of people’s health and medical and health standards.

The work of people ’s livelihood is an important part of the “Report”. The relief subsidy fund was arranged at 148.4 billion yuan to support the localities to do a good job in providing relief for low-income, extremely poor people, temporary relief, homeless beggars, and basic living security for orphans.

In particular, it is mentioned that the scope of the Dibao protection should be expanded, and the urban and rural families in need should be guaranteed, and the eligible urban unemployment and returnees should be included in the Dibao etc. Relief scope. Timely start the linkage mechanism of social assistance and security standards linked to rising prices, increase the price of temporary subsidies in stages, and strive to reduce the impact of rising prices on the basic lives of people in difficulty.

In terms of protecting market players, it is expected that the additional burden reduction for market players will exceed 2.5 trillion yuan for the whole year. This includes strengthening phased policies, combining with institutional arrangements, and focusing on reducing the tax burden on small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, and enterprises in difficult industries. The main tax reduction and fee reduction policy due before June, which was issued in the previous period, was extended to the end of this year to support the market’s bail-out development and strive to stabilize the employment of enterprises.

In terms of ensuring food security, the “Report” proposes to strengthen the protection of cultivated land and the construction of farmland water conservancy, support the construction of 80 million mu of new high-standard farmland, and implement the protective cultivation of black land in Northeast 4000 Ten thousand mu. Deeply promote the soybean revitalization plan, deepen the reform of the grain purchasing and storage system, improve the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, and the market-based acquisition and producer subsidy mechanism for corn and soybeans. Support to ensure domestic food supply and market stability.


Clarifying the purpose of special anti-epidemic government bonds

Expanding investment is also the focus of this year ’s use of fiscal funds. The “Report” proposes that the central government will issue RMB 100 billion of special anti-epidemic government bonds, all of which will be transferred to local governments for public health and other infrastructure construction and anti-epidemic expenditures.

This is the first time that the Ministry of Finance has officially clarified the way to use trillion yuan of special national debt.

Before, May 22