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Author 丨 Shi Hanxu
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More and more children are “taking” antibiotics, even before they are born.
Nearly 80% of children in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai have one or more antibiotics in their bodies. There are 21 antibiotics detected in their urine. Among them, some antibiotics have been clearly banned from clinical use in children , such as gentamicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, etc.
Pregnant women were not spared. In 41.6% of them, one or more antibiotics were detected in urine.
What ’s more frightening is that these children still have veterinary antibiotic residues in their bodies .
This is what the School of Public Health of Fudan University has done to thousands of children aged 8 to 11 and 516 pregnant women in recent years. Survey . Such a high proportion of antibiotic exposure is already amazing, and “veterinary use” and “prohibition” have a greater impact on people. Even if we don’t know what harm this may bring, we are very worried and angry.
Where did the most incredible veterinary antibiotic come from? A survey by the Yangtze River Protection and Green Development Institute of Hohai University revealed some of the reasons. The survey results show that the average concentration of antibiotics in the Yangtze River is 156ng / L (ng / l) , which is higher than some developed countries in Europe and America “text-remarks” label = “Remarks”> (less than 100ng / L) .
That is to say, one of the channels for veterinary antibiotics to enter the human body may be the drinking water system.
This is actually nothing new. As early as 2015, the Ying Guangguo team at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences found that the concentration of antibiotics in the Pearl River Basin was higher. Among them, the concentration of amoxicillin reached 3384ng / L, and the concentration of six other common antibiotics such as norfloxacin and penicillin was also above 1000ng / L.
However, turn around and look at the “anti-inflammatory drug” amoxicillin that is always in the medicine box. Think about the penicillin that was often suspended in childhood. Are you wondering how much damage can be caused by such a small amount of antibiotic pollution ?
Yes, 1L of water contains only 0.001 to 0.003 mg of antibiotics, which is extremely low in terms of concentration. But the scary thing is that antibiotics, which are bacteria killers, do not have the ability to distinguish good from bad bacteria, but rather “kill all” as much as possible.
This aspect will cause damage to the aquatic ecosystem. Chen Qiuwen, director of the Institute of Ecology, Nanjing Institute of Water Sciences, discovered that antibiotics and their metabolites have potential toxicological risks to non-resistant microorganisms, phytoplankton, fish and other aquatic organisms, which may damage the aquatic food chain.
On the other hand, sensitive bacteria in the water will be killed by antibiotics, or evolve into drug-resistant bacteria that can escape a certain antibiotic. If the harmful drug-resistant bacteria survive into the human body with the reference, it is likely to cause infection and no medicine.
Obviously, more and more people are exposed to such an antibiotic environment, which will undoubtedly accelerate the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria, and will pose a serious threat to human health and even life.
This is not sensational.
In June 2012, a 39-year-old Australian man Matthew Ames at first was only a sore throat, which was thought to be a simple inflammation, and it turned into a few days. A life-threatening infection-Matthew’s limbs became black and ulcerated, his kidneys failed, his blood pressure decreased,Toxic shock caused by streptococcal infection.
His immune system cannot support Streptococcus; due to drug resistance, there is no antibiotic to cure him. In the end, Matthew was amputated by the doctor and saved his life.
Children accompany Matthew for rehabilitation training
And some people do n’t even have such “luck”.
In August 2016, a 70-year-old woman in Nevada, the United States was admitted to the hospital due to a hip infection. After examination, the doctor found that she was infected with a carbapenem antibiotic (representing the drug imipenem) resistant intestines Dao bacillus. The carbapenem antibiotics are the last line of defense in the United States, and are the saviour that will not be moved out of the last resort.
A few days later, the multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by the infection eventually caused her to die in pain.
Although there is no official statistics in China, in 2003, the Guangdong Provincial Adverse Drug Reaction Center estimated that 80,000 people die of antibiotic abuse each year in China. With the increasing use of antibiotics, this number will continue to grow rapidly.
Overuse of antibiotics may also reduce the diversity of our microbiome. Know that once the microbial system that controls various functions of human immunity, digestion, metabolism, etc. is destroyed, some chronic diseases can be taken advantage of, such as asthma, allergies, diabetes, obesity, etc.
Using antibiotics in the first year of life will significantly increase the probability of children suffering from asthma when they are 7 years old, and will also lower the average age of asthma from 21 to 11 years old, Martin Bu A series of studies by Lazer confirmed this statement.
To be sure, as a killer of bacteriaVegetarian drugs are good medicines. In any case, excessive use of antibiotics poses a greater threat to human health.
“God medicine” fell to the altar
In 1928, when British professor Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, he never expected the situation today.
In the 1940s, when World War II broke out and medical conditions were extremely poor, a large number of soldiers worldwide died of pneumonia complications and abdominal / urethral / skin infections. This is almost always caused by bacterial infection, penicillin has saved countless lives.
With the successive discovery of antibiotics such as streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and meningitis have gradually been treated.
After decades, people almost regarded antibiotics as magic drugs. No matter what causes the patient’s headache, brain fever, cough, cold, and diarrhea, doctors often prescribe antibiotic drugs.
The US Medical Service even advised everyone not to focus on antibiotics in 1979: “Our research on infectious diseases can finally come to an end. The most important thing now is to study cancer and cardiovascular diseases.”
Clinical commonly used antibiotic types
The same is true in China. The post-80s and post-90s impressions should be extremely deep. When I was a child, I had a fever. When I went to the hospital, I opened a few large glass bottles of medicine and infused them for an hour.
These medicines often contain penicillin, pioneer or azithromycin. With the addition of hormones, vitamins and glucose injections, the “three primes and one soup” that “packages all diseases” is ready. From 1993 to 2005, on average every 10 children went to the hospital, and 8 and a half needed antibiotics.
However, with theOver time, the B side of the “miracle medicine” antibiotics was gradually exposed. Increased clinical use of antibiotics has led to increased resistance to pathogens in the human body, and bacterial infections, which have become increasingly difficult to combat, have become a new public health security challenge.
According to WHO statistics, as one of the commonly used antibacterial drugs for the treatment of urethral infections caused by E. coli, the initial therapeutic effect is almost 100% of fluoroquinolone. In many countries in the world, more than half of the patients have failed.
Over 1 million people around the world are suffering from gonorrhea every day due to gonococcal infections, but after years of antibiotic treatment, these gonococci have evolved to the last treatment, the third-generation cephalosporins can not take it .
In other words, more and more types of “magic drugs” are failing. The root cause is because antibiotic prescriptions issued by most doctors are not necessary, that is, antibiotic abuse. The CDC found that one-third of US prescriptions are unnecessary every year.
There are more than 47 million cases of these unnecessary prescriptions, which are often used by doctors to treat common colds caused by viruses, viral sore throats, bronchitis, sinusitis, and ear infections.
Know that antibiotics are antibacterial and not antiviral. In China, the rate of abuse was once as high as nearly 80%.
“ If no measures are taken, by 2050, it is expected that 10 million people will die each year because of antibiotic resistance ( AMR) Problem dying , which means that every 3 seconds, AMR will kill 1 person. “Jim O’Neill, former Goldman Sachs chairman known as” the father of the BRICS ” In the “Global Antimicrobial Resistance Review” pointed out.
Active or passive, we are still abusing antibiotics
For a while, the rational use of antibiotics has become a global concern. However, until now, whether active or passive, we are still abusing antibiotics.
When fever and cough, Most (Related statistics show up to 80%)