This article is from WeChat official account:The elementary school monk at the foot of Laohe Mountain (ID: gh_586564bb7b66)< span class = "text-remarks">, author: old school and mountain monk, from the title figure: vision China
Speaking of technological innovation, I have to mention the joke of “crossing the river by touching the American emperor”. Although it is a joke, it also summarizes the general idea of our technological development over the past few decades. But after decades of touching it, will the U.S. be bald? In case of baldness, how can the road back be neat? This is a big topic, let’s start from the beginning.
Science and technology fault
Through the intertwined modern technology, I personally think that there are so few faults.
Taking the unifying string theory that has yet to be verified as a starting point, strings form elementary particles and basic forces. The particles form atoms through the forces, and then the atoms form matter, and matter forms material. Manufacturing industries such as materials, chemicals, machinery, and electrical started. This big piece is kneaded together, and this monk calls it the largest piece of modern technology.
Although there are still a lot of blanks in the first large plate, there are no obvious faults in general, so the article “Chip” can start from electronic properties and continue to talk about computer principles. However, humans cannot start with chemical reactions and strictly deduce cell activities step by step.
So, From matter to life, the first fault in modern technology appeared.
By bypassing the fault, starting from the cell, to the tissues and organs, and then to the individual life, it is much more coherent, supporting the biology, medicine, nutrition, agronomy and other industries(referred to as biology and medicine in this article) constitutes the second largest sector of modern technology.
The second largest sector is a self-contained system, mostly macro-experience summaries, and few rigorous micro-processes. For example, if a virus invades the body, the human body will activate the immune system. Biologists can describe the immune response process with confidence. However, no one can write down the chain reaction equations of these cell activities, so that many people who eat melons have always wondered whether the organisms are driven by chemical reactions.
The next fault is even more outrageous: from life to thinking.
Starting from a fertilized egg, thinking appears when the cell grows long. With thinking in the brain, people have humanity, and things become complicated. A large number of people with ghosts mixed together to form a community, giving rise to psychology, sociology, politics, economics, education, religious culture…
The third sector is collectively referred to as social sciences, and its laws rely more on the summary of macro practices. No one will start from the physical and chemical reactions of the brain to deduce individual behavior, then predict group behavior, and finally formulate relevant policies. No one can precisely explain which chemical reactions control a person’s personality and IQ. Or, what impact will a three-year-old child have on his future growth?
With the overwhelming character of physics, one must want to break all barriers and unify physics, biology, and sociology. Among them, Founder of Quantum MechanicsSchrödinger was the first physicist to sound the horn. His representative work “What is Life: A Physics View of Living Cells”, its >The core idea is: all the laws operating in the body of life must conform to the basic laws of physics.
Unfortunately, biology, medicine, and even chemistry in that era were all like child’s play. Seeing a doctor depends on fate. This has led many scientists to believe that life is a special phenomenon independent of the laws of physical chemistry. This topic from one or two hundred years ago is still clamoringIt’s just that the two sides of the argument have changed from scientists to melon-eaters.
Fortunately, molecular biology is finally late, like a flash of lightning in the dark, trying to break through the barriers between the three major plates, trying to clarify the nature of life phenomena from the molecular level, and taking the first step in a long march. .
Take two examples. The decrease of serotonin in the brain will make people particularly sensitive to pessimism, which is manifested as anxiety and depression; the increase of serotonin will make the mood stable, not panic in the face, and proper leadership temperament. Insufficient norepinephrine can lead to weak will, low mood, slow thinking, commonly known as laziness; and adequate norepinephrine can improve brain concentration and judgment, and make people turn into workaholics.
If this road can go all the way to the end, I would look forward to what human beings will look like in 10,000 years. I don’t know if I can preset the IQ and EQ personality.
The first section where the oil is exhausted?
To talk about this topic, you have to extend the time.
In the first industrial revolution, technology was steam engine, and theory was thermodynamics.
Theory and technology are almost in no particular order. It can even be said that the theory of thermodynamics grew up in the revolution.
In the second industrial revolution, the technology is electrical engineering, and the theory is electricity and magnetism.
In 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction(theory). In 1866, Siemens invented the first practical generator(technical). In 1865, Maxwell unified electromagnetism (theory). In 1895, Marconi conducted the first radio communication (Technical). Theory and technology have passed 30 years.
The third industrial revolution, the representative technology is computers, and the theory is quantum mechanics.
In 1900, Planck put forward the quantum hypothesis. In 1956, the first transistor computer came out, and it was 50 years later. This algorithm is a bit far-fetched, after all, it has tossed from quantum mechanics to energy band theory.Twenty or thirty years, but don’t care about it, just forget about it.
In the fourth industrial revolution, there is no iconic technology that can turn the tide. What kind of atomic energy, new materials, aerospace, nanometer, biological, and artificial intelligence are all used to make up the number. It is always controversial whether the formation of a revolution is a revolution. As for the theory of revolution, it is still based on quantum theory. You are embarrassed to call it revolution? The only exception is biotechnology. The theoretical basis of biotechnology is obviously not physics, and there is still a gap in between.
If you count the ancient times before the industrial revolution, the technology is mostly mechanical engineering and chemical metallurgy, and the theory is mainly mechanics and chemistry. It is obvious that technology precedes theory.
Everyone, do you see any pattern?
The revolution is here first. Let’s count the achievements of the revolution.
The first revolution was relatively thorough, and the core was to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. This type of equipment is collectively called heat engine. In addition to steam engine, it also includes later steam turbines, gas turbines, internal combustion engines and other “machines.” . After more than 200 years of revolution, the heat engine is finally coming to an end, and by the way the chemical energy is also squeezed out.
The essence of chemical reactions is to toss the outer electrons of atoms. Nowadays, no matter how to toss a kilogram of fuel, the energy contained in the outer electrons is so much that it is difficult to greatly increase it. Unless you attack the nucleus inside, this becomes atomic energy, commonly known as nuclear energy, not chemical energy.
The second revolution was originally stalled, but it was later halted by the third revolution. As a theory 150 years ago, electromagnetism is really unable to squeeze oil and water, and it depends on the new materials and semiconductors behind it. At the moment, the semiconductor itself is almost running to the end, electromagnetics had to get off at the station.
The third revolution is actually quite a lot of content, but the core is material. This topic began in 2018. I have said and deleted it, and repeated it several times.We will try again later.
After all, material theory is still squeezing quantum theory. No matter how bad human beings are, after all, after more than a hundred years of squeezing, although there is still a lot of potential, the end is vaguely visible.
So everyone was forced to open up the second battlefield of quantum mechanics, that is, squeezing quantum mechanics through “non-material” methods, which is now the so-called “quantum technology”, quantum computers, quantum communications and the like. However, progress is not as easy as it was when squeezing materials.
Next, are there any new physical theories? Yes, there is no oil and water.
The theory of relativity, at the same time as quantum mechanics, can only be used for high-speed scene calibration and astronomical calculations. It has not provided new production technology at all. After a century of busy work, many windows have been opened, but I don’t know how to extract oil. Which way the door opens.
Don’t talk about the old bachelor of relativity, is there anything else? There is also a standard particle model.
The famous standard model, in terms of its historical status, is definitely no less than quantum mechanics. More importantly, it seems that there are more oil and water than quantum mechanics. Just looking at this formula is very powerful!
Next, the monk wants to make a personal point.
In ancient times without scientific thinking, technology can flourish, but after the first industrial revolution, this kind of good thing to pick up money at any place has become less and less.After that, the time interval between theory and technology is getting longer and longer.
The standard model was calculated from the Yang Zhenning-Mills theory in 1954. It is about 75 years now. From the laws of the previous revolution, it seems that the brewing time is still short of ignition, and it has not reached the stage of oil extraction.
But from another perspective, there is no waiting between theory and technology, there are a series of small theories. When quantum mechanics first debuted, it was just a mathematical game. There was no oil and water at all. After tossing until the energy band theory, I discovered the large oil depot of semiconductors and brought out the computer. The whole process was fairly consistent.
Looking at the Standard Model, the theory came alive in the 1970s. In the next 50 years, experiments have made progress, but the theory has entered a period of flattening. In other words, just wait.
The stagnation of basic theory will soon lead to the lack of power in the first sector next to it. The technical branches born from the previous two revolutions have begun to stall, and the third revolution with everyone flying is not optimistic. Semiconductors are coming. In 2030, the energy band theory will almost be drained.
It seems that there will be a gap of unpredictable duration when the old and new theories alternate. It is estimated that it is a high probability event that the technological explosion of the first sector enters a flat period.
However, ideals are still necessary, in case the standard model can be used to squeeze oil, it is properly shocking the world!
The second section of MileagePlus?
The second section is a bit far away from basic physics. More importantly, the biology and medicine of the second section is too elementary, even more elementary than our socialist elementary stage, so it is affected by the physics gap. It’s not obvious.
Early medicine was a cruel human experiment. Operating rooms were similar to slaughterhouses. It was not until the 1950s that molecular biology began to emerge with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. At this time, Biology Medicine is looking for the Sunshine Avenue.
In a sense, biotechnology alone can support a technological revolution. There are new theories and new technologies, but the achievements are really shabby, and after all, they have not been able to form a prairie fire.
How shabby is it? The 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine was given to work related to hepatitis C. Please be aware that hepatitis C is one of the few chronic diseases that can be cured almost 100%. In other words, curing a chronic disease is a Nobel Prize-level achievement. Modern medicine can only relieve most chronic diseases, and the rest depends on the patient’s self-healing.
A few more interesting examples. Biology and medicine majors are relatively easy to publish papers, and students of theoretical physics are greedy. Biological medical papers are relatively easy to falsify, because the experiment is too reproducible. As long as you insist that the sow flew away during the experiment, no one can categorically deny it. The research results of biology and medicine, especially nutrition, are often overthrown.
Being sad, it also shows that biology medicine is still developing rapidly and still has great potential in the future.
Although I have been on the Sunshine Avenue for more than half a century, there are still thousands of miles from the chemical reaction to the birth of life. A machine made with the highest technology of mankind is far less complex than a small cell.
The good news is that all the laws currently discovered in biology are within the known physical rules. Logically speaking, this is called catching a turtle in an urn. Biology is like a complex N-dimensional N-element equation. At least the problem can be read and understood, but it is a bit more difficult. I believe that with the improvement of problem solving methods, more and more answers will be solved. Unlike the current physics, there is a bunch of garbled characters on the test paper, and I don’t know what to do.
From the recent Nobel Prize in Chemistry, gene editing, the directed evolution of enzymes, the high-resolution structure determination of biological molecules, and the cellular mechanism of DNA repair… More than half of the chemistry prizes have been dominated by biology, which shows that biology is right. Try to run towards the direction of chemistry.
According to the monk’s shallow knowledge, the land saved in the first sector is enough for biology to flourish for many years, and at least it should be able to overcome cancer and most chronic diseases.
Assuming that in the future, the gap between biology and chemical physics will be filled, and the two major plates will become one, let alone borrowing from the sky for another five hundred years!
The third section where people have different opinions?
Biology is still so rudimentary. It is obviously idiotic to solve the third problem from the perspective of molecular biology.