This article is from WeChat public account: everyone – Tencent News (ID: ipress) , author: Wendi beginning, from the title figure: Oriental IC
The “blood surplus” in the grass is a scent
After a while, a friend from Zhejiang wrote a letter saying that it was a long-term illness and blood leak. Please ask a young Chinese medicine practitioner to take medicine. The herbs are full of scent, the smell is full, the smell is weird, the soup is imported, and I want to vomit. Ask me if this recipe can still be used? What is the problem with the medicine?
I quickly stopped, saying that this is the physical instinct of the body, almost physiologically “self-rejection”, can no longer be used. Ask her to send a prescription to see which kind of drug produces toxic side effects. Fang Zifa came, and at first glance, more than a dozen herbs, mostly used, should be no problem, but under the square, add a new “blood surplus”, the originalTaking medicine is naturally a shortcut to nourishing blood and kidney. Li Shizhen understands that “the hair is the blood, so it can cure the blood. It fills the yin, cures the epilepsy, goes to the blood of the heart,” and also appends a lot of prescriptions in the “Compendium of Materia Medica”. “Compendium of Materia Medica” is equivalent to the National Pharmacopoeia of the Ming Dynasty. Later generations of doctors, it seems that as long as they have a good read and read the ancients, they can cure the patients (In fact, there is no need to be so complicated, most herbal medicines are not seen in the “Compendium of Materia Medica”, just back to the head of the soup, you can walk the rivers and lakes) .
The Zhejiang doctor wanted to read Li Shizhen’s book. Therefore, the toxic side reaction caused by “blood surplus” did not arouse his concern. “The prescription only sells ancient time Dan”, and the insurance is very good.
Traditional Chinese medicine medicine
“Blood rest” can supplement blood. According to the analogy logic of traditional Chinese medicine, human blood is naturally more complementary. It is logical to make people supplement, which touches on a long tradition of Chinese medicine, and uses human organs and their secretions as medicine. “Alternative medical care.”
The bloody head of Lu Xun’s novels is generally understood by the readers as the ignorant behavior of the masses. In fact, this has nothing to do with ignorance, but one of the traditions of Chinese medicine to “blood and blood”. In fact, such examples can be found everywhere in ancient China, and many “cases” have been preserved in the Chinese medical literature.
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“Taking people to eat, not humans”
Although Li Shizhen explained this kind of human medicine in detail, it is not without moral anxiety. He liked the Zihe car into the herbal medicine. He said that before the Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese medicine industry was still rarely used. The popularity of such drugs, Zhu Danxi was responsible.
Zhu Danxi is one of the four members of the Chinese medicine practitioners in the Yuan Dynasty. On the basis of “the theory of qi and blood”, he advocated that “there is always more than the yang and the yin is often inadequate”, and the impact is that the Chinese medicine cures the disease. Famen, the people who are healthy, take the aphrodisiac as the sunflower collection. This kind of theory seems to be inevitable today, but the people who have been immersed in the yin and yang doctrine are very superstitious and admired. As long as the word “virtual” is mentioned, almost everyone can find a symptom in themselves. Therefore, “Take up the virtual” has a strong cultural and psychological foundation, and the Chinese are almost all fans of the tonic, so the submarket is of course big.
Zhu Danxi, the founder of “Ziyin School”.
The medical experts create “internal imaginary” and pull “internal demand”. Pharmacy sellers provide demand and satisfy consumption. Such “supply and demand side” economics has long been popular in the Zhu Danxi era. Zhu Danxi, who has both medical and medical status, naturally introduces a series of medicines, Dabu Pill, Bushen Pill, Longhu Pill, Butian Pill, Buxu Pill, Buyin Pill, Wubu Pill, Gujing Pill, Jiyin. Pills and other pills are introduced together, and “the repairing party is fifty-one”. Among them, “Biantian Pill”, which is based on the Zihe car, is only one of them.
However, in the era of Zhu Danxi, the official medical profession still has some scruples about taking medicine into the human body. Among the 196 kinds of drugs collected by Zhu Danxi’s “Compendium of Herbal Medicine”, there are only three kinds of drugs in the human body. Human urine, human white, and human yellow are still considered as “human remains”. The real human medicine, although Zhu Danxi has already mentioned the purple river car medicine.
About, the ancient world before and after the Yuan Dynasty still had an ancient style. In the Ming Dynasty, the human body was very popular. This is probably one of the reasons for Li Shizhen’s moral anxiety.
When he introduced all kinds of classics, he found that taking medicine into the human body is not the traditional Chinese medicine, but the bad habits from the bottom and from the outside. For example, he found in the “Sui Shu” that “the Ryukyu country women produce milk, they must eat clothes.” In Zhang Shizheng’s “Tired Travel Record”, it was also found that “the eight Guiyu people produce men, and they will be acquainted with five flavors and will be relatives.” The habits of these extraterrestrial places were introduced into the Central Plains, and Chinese medicine began to be widely accepted. When Li Shizhen compiled the “Compendium of Materia Medica”, he also had to include these human drugs, but at least, Li Shizhen was also wary, saying “this is all Beasts, the meaning of their own clothes, non-human also.”
With regard to the placenta, the Han people actually have many taboos. Before Li Shizhen’s previous Cui Xinggong, he introduced in detail how to deal with the placenta (see its children). It is said that the placenta should be “deeply buried” so that the man can live longer. If swallowed by pigs and dogs, it will make children crazy and so on. Li Shizhen certainly knows these taboos, so when introducing the drug into the drug, he said that these taboos are “natural principles.” However, in order to nourish yin and yang, the time to cook the calf and the cockroach, and the medicine bait, “take the same kind, eat people by people”, is it not a violation of the weather? ! Li Shizhen accused that such a barbaric act is different from Ryukyu and Skull.
Li Shizhen’s moral dilemma
Traditional Chinese medicine such as “non-human” acts obviously deviate from Confucian morality, but if such human drugs do have real curative effect, as a doctor, Li Shizhen, How to face it?
In the preface of the “Compendium of Materia Medica”, Li Shizhen left such a paragraph, saying that “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic” only contains a kind of human medicine, which is a human wig. The reason is that people and birds are different. The doctors of later generations, even the bones, muscles, human gallbladder, and human blood are used as medicines, which is too inhuman. In the Human Body Department of the Compendium of Materia Medica, all the human medicines used by medical doctors can not be lost. But they also set rules for themselves. Those inhuman human medicines are explained in detail, and the cruelty and filth are simply collected. [iv]
The human body does not take medicine, in Li Shizhen’s view, it is the key to distinguishing people and things, that is, the ConfucianHowever, Li Shizhen was a medical doctor after all, and the people of the sects of the time, the Taoist practitioners, the alchemists and the healers, as the most important source of Chinese medicine, not only provided the “Yellow Emperor’s Canon” The theoretical system of the class (Traditional Chinese medicine theory system borrows from Taoism as a whole), and from the practice of drugs, the door of human medicine has already been opened, human bones and human beings Blood, human gallbladder, and human flesh are used as clinical drugs.
Although Li Shizhen had to sigh, “It’s not good, it’s too inhuman!” However, he did not abandon these human drugs because of this kind of incompetence. Instead, he compiled the most comprehensive human medicine at the time when he compiled the “Compendium of Materia Medica” (“All can’t be left”). These drugs have also entered the classics of the “Compendium of Materia Medica” through his “seeking full blame” knowledge, and embarked on the orthodox way of Chinese medicine. From then on, the human body will no longer face moral pressure when the medicine is put into the medicine. Once the mouth is opened, where will the Chinese medicine practitioners without moral taboo go?
Obviously, if only from the efficacy of the drug, Li Shizhen does not object to the human medicine, but the rumor about the efficacy of the drug is not based on his own verification. For example, when people use drugs to get drugs, he uses a saying that “clouds are extremely effective.” Unfortunately, most people in the medical profession are “reading and not literate,” and they often intentionally or unintentionally ignore this “cloud.” And to strengthen the “extreme effect” – in fact, most of the pharmacodynamic descriptions and prescriptions in the “Compendium of Materia Medica” are of such anecdotal nature. They could only be “talking for reference”, but they are often followed by the students. I thought that the more ancient, the better, the doctors fell into the evil of the mud, and morality and life were suspended.
The introduction of the efficacy of the “Compendium of Materia Medica” adopts a “technical” posture. This attitude not only breaks through the moral taboo, but also encourages the human body to take medicine. It not only provides medical treatment for human medicine. Occupational guidance and exemption from their moral responsibility. In this way, the human body enters the drug and relies on the rumors of these effects, which is very popular.And become part of the Chinese medicine culture, flowing from medicine into society. The moral disaster caused by moral exemption, and then repeatedly staged in the history of the country (see Zheng Yulai, “Ancient Chinese Cannibalism – Human Candidates Dialysis”).
Zheng Yulai’s “Ancient Chinese Cannibal”
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Note:
[i] The original text is: “The blood is strong, the beauty is long; the gas is less blood, the beauty is shorter; the less blood is less, the less is evil; the blood is less, then it is not “. Based on this discovery, Li Shizhen also “invented” a set of academics, saying that the human body must be hairy, belonging to different meridians, hair is foot Shaoyin, Yangming; eyebrows are hand, foot Yangming; beard is divided into 髭, must , 髯, also belong to different meridians.
[ii] Chinese medicine is called “human middle yellow”, human urine Chinese medicine is called “human white”, and urine crystal Chinese medicine is called “autumn stone”.
[iii] Regarding the placenta, Li Shizhen quoted the Taoist book: “The first place in the world, the ancestors of yin and yang, the shackles of sputum and sputum. The outline of lead and mercury. The blank tires will be mega, ninety-nine, I It is said to be a river car. Its color is red, green, purple, and purple is good.”
[iv] The original text is: Shennong Materia Medica, the character is only one kind, so others and things are also. Later generation