What is the wisdom of young scientists in the world’s top scientists forum?
On October 29th, the 2nd World Top Scientists Forum opened in the Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Free Trade Zone. The forum will include 65 top scientists from the world including 44 Nobel Prize winners, as well as hundreds of Chinese and foreign academicians and young scientists, and explore the global technological development trend around the theme of “Science and Technology for the Common Destiny of Mankind”.
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On the afternoon of October 29th, at the “World’s Leading Scientists Forum – Youth Forum”, ten outstanding young scientists from home and abroad shared their latest research progress. We organized the following:
Lori Passmore
Director of MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK
Mainly study the structure, assembly principle, and interaction mechanism of proteins involved in gene inheritance in cells, and explore the molecular mechanism of adding and removing mRNAs related to these proteins.
We can now see the molecular structure at the atomic level. This revolutionary breakthrough is helped by new detector technology and computational model processing. My lab is also doing related work. In the next few minutes, I want to talk to you about the resolution of DNA. The FA core complex is repaired using the relevant enzymes, and we have purified this complex to combine the subunits inside the cell. The secondary structure of the protein can be seen in the 2D image, and we need the corresponding data for analysis. After doing the corresponding analysis, we found that the obtained 3D map has some limitations, and the edge area is still relatively fuzzy, and the resolution is still not high enough.
A lot of protein is different from the protein we already understand, which gives us a lot of challenges, so we can’t see our data. The new algorithm is used to make the map clearer, and seven of the eight elements in the complex are understood. We can see two of the subunits, their structure is very similar, we can see that these two proteins can give us a lot of thinking.
YesWhen you think that the most important thing in the protein complex is mutation, this is actually a mistake. During World War II, engineers were told to re-engineer where they were hit by bullets, but often they could not survive in these places, so the data is also very important. We don’t see mutations in the core area because the core area is the key to survival, so there is no mutation. So in these locations, the emergence of these situations is acceptable. We have come up with new core complex structures that help us understand the physiology and pathology of the disease, and we can solve more machine problems, including how the complex repairs DNA. Thank you.
Thomas Hermans
Professor of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, France
There are three main research directions: 1) Dissipative non-equilibrium self-assembly in supramolecular systems; 2) Chiral separation using Taylor-Couette flow; 3) Wallless microfluidics.
Hello everyone, the artificial materials that our chemists have done are actually lifeless and do not require any energy. This is not the same as the organism. Everyone sees the middle of the cell. Below is the growth of microtubules. This video shows the growth and division of microtubules. In nature, it is a combination of chemical fuels.
We can see that these microtubules become unstable. It is a hydration reaction. Here we can see that this combination is driven by chemical fuel. We have developed some artificial systems with similar properties. We add a reducing agent, which is the lowest negative charge, which can be returned to free radicals by oxidation with oxygen. If we continue to add oxygen, we can see the color swinging back and forth between red and pink. Its size is also constantly changing, just like micro tubes.
The system I want to talk about today is this system. In the aldehyde we add diamide. Because the same sex repels, the molecules begin to disperse, so we get the original molecule. To describe this process in more detail, we can speed up another molecule and add these fuels together, and put a video for you here.
We start with a gel and add our chemical fuel, which reacts with the gel to melt the molecules into solution, but the aldehyde slowly recovers, allowing the molecules to reassemble. You can see the precipitation phenomenon, just like the first image, the gel and the state formed later, its chemical composition is completely different. The self-assembly process with chemical fuels is very interesting. You can check out my posters. If you are interested, you can talk about these cycles in detail. We will study this kind of life-like artificial materials.
Jeff Donlea
Assistant Professor of Neurobiology at UCLA
Mainly study the animal’s sleep needs and sleep patterns. Look for sleep-related tissues from the structure of the brain and explain at the molecular level what control the animal receives for sleep.
Good afternoon everyone, thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to tell you about my research. My lab uses fruit flies for experiments. Our model uses fruit flies to understand how animals sleep. We are very interested in how our recent experience affects sleep in the future. We know that the longer the animal wakes up, the more tired it will be, but some experiences will increase the amount of sleep we need more quickly, so we use fruit flies to Understand the stress before these sleeps, let us understand what mechanism is controlling sleep.
We used a very simple brain damage pattern. We cut the antenna of the fruit fly and cut off the signal propagation between the antenna and the central nervous system. We can see that this signal drops rapidly after the antennae are cut for a few hours. After 3-5 days, it completely disappeared. We found that after a similar injury, its sleep was greatly improved, and then it returned to normal.
Because we see synapses and injuries, we feel very interested. Is there any relationship between synapses and injuries? We did a series of experiments to see if there is any correlation between the two. We found a case of Muir in this experiment. If we see a mutation in the middle of Muir, we can find a 33-hour correlation between sleep and antennae damage.
In the end, we want to test. From a functional point of view, does sleep cause the flies to recover? After the injury, the sleep of the fruit fly is not affected, but if we do not let the flies sleep, we find that the repair of these damages is that the repair of the damaged synapses is much slower. If you don’t let it sleep after 24 hours after the injury, its damage will slowly recover. The fruit flies that are allowed to sleep, their damage is slowly eliminated, but if they are not allowed to sleep, the damage repair of these flies is much slower, we found that sleep can help restore damage. After the sleep, these damaged neurons were restored. Thank you very much for the work of my team, thank you.
Alexandre Carpentier
Professor of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, France
The main research is to transport drugs through human blood and other body fluids to largeThe corresponding ward of the brain improves the drug delivery efficiency and absorption efficiency through a combination of physical and chemical methods.
I will talk about the separation between the brain and the blood vessels today. The brain is a very useful organ. When you have a neurological disease, there is a big problem. Because drugs are difficult to reach the brain, researchers have been looking for a way to give drugs to the brain. Cross the gap between the blood vessels and the brain.
We need to cross this blood-brain barrier. We need such tiny bubbles. When they can enter the area, they only need 6 hours to enter quickly, through ultrasound, but only in small This is achieved in animals. If you need a human brain like this, a big head, 99% of the energy is absorbed, so it is not suitable for humans.
Let’s see what can be achieved with this method is that the drug absorption rate can be increased several times. The contribution of my research method is that because most of the ultrasound is absorbed by the brain and the skull, we have done a lot of research in order to actually send the ultrasound into the brain without attenuating it. We found that it is actually safe to use the metabolism or the role of nerves. We use the Carboplatin method, we hope to increase the absorption rate of Carboplatin in the brain by 5 times, and of course, can improve the survival rate of animals. In 2014, we did this experiment for the first time in human patients. We can see the white part on the right side. In general, it is not such an image, which means that it has been affected. Looking at this picture, the survival rate is improved because the efficiency of our administration is greatly improved.
In the future, we will further expand the blood-brain barrier. We are also doing clinical trials on Alzheimer’s disease, which can reduce the difficulty of future administration of such diseases. Thank you.
Nima Aghaeepour
Stanford University Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medical Assistant Professor
Mainly research multi-omics integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in clinical immunology. Includes comprehensive “multi-omics” analysis of cross-genomics, proteomics, and single-cell techniques, as well as quantitative clinical phenotypic analysis and overall analysis of immunity.
We know that premature birth is one of the main reasons for children’s death after 5 years old. The so-called premature birth is premature birth after 37 weeks, so let’s take a look at the biological principles in this area. There are several reasons why we see women with normal pregnancy having some characteristics, but at the individual cell level, at other levels, our team uses artificial intelligence.