Article from the public number:Bring Science Home (ID: steamforkids) The original title is: “Art students self-study physics found Einstein error, get the recommendation letter of Schrödinger, become the history of Cambridge in the 800 years The first Ph.D. without a bachelor’s degree, the title map is from: Visual China.
One has never been to collegePoverty art students self-learned university physics, found a mathematical error in Einstein, was recommended by Schrödinger, and went to Cambridge University, becoming the first doctoral degree in Cambridge University with no undergraduate degree in 800 years. Later, he also proposed the theory of speed of light that was opposed to Einstein and became a powerful candidate to fill the system of the Big Bang theoretical system.
John Moffrat
John Moffrat’s life experience will break many of your stereotypes about the world.
In 1932, Moffat was born in Denmark. He used to be a poor art student, and his high school grades were not very good, and he did not show any special math or scientific talent.
Moffat’s parents are not an educator, and his family is even a bit patchwork. His mother is Danish and his father is British. His father is a trumpeter in Scotland, and his mother is a chorus. They don’t understand each other’s language before they get married.
Moffat’s childhood was very turbulent. He grew up in World War II. When he was a child, he was likely to encounter Nazi attacks on his way to school at any time. He almost stunned in the bombing of London. He has attended 13 schools and his classes are often air raid shelters.
At the age of 16, Moffat graduated from Kaptain Johnson High School in Copenhagen. At the beginning, Moffat wanted to go to college. But in World War II, if you want to go to college, you must first go to the preparatory school (gymnasium). There is an interview in the Foundation Year, but the interviewer Moffat meets is a mathematician. The interview experience was extremely poor, and the digitist humiliated Moffat.
At the time, the interviewer at the preparatory school mocked him: “Moffat classmates, I can guarantee that you can’t be a mathematician, hehe.” In this way, Moffat completely lost hope of going to college, and the university was out of style.
Unfortunately, his dad was infected with the coffee that the tuberculosis patient had, and he was infected with Lin’s sister’s illness and could not work. So Moffat could only do a lot of work, such as a child, a window, a flower, and so on. . In the confusion of the future, Moffat wanted to be a painter, so he took the money to go to Paris to learn to paint.
In 1949, the 17-year-old Moffat came to Paris and found the already famous painter Serge Polyakov (Serge Poliakoff< /span>), be his apprentice.
Russian painter Serge Polyakov and his work @lefebRegallery
But after seeing Polyakov himself, Moffat understood that, in fact, even if he was famous, Polyakov still lived in poverty, could not sell a few paintings, and even went to the cafe to play the guitar at night. Selling art, singing Russian folk songs to make some instant noodles.
More tragic is that Moffat’s painting career was not successful. After the money was burned, he returned to Copenhagen.
Civilally, he read the first person to introduce relativity in the English-speaking world – physicist Arthur Eddington (Arthur Eddington ) written by The Nature of the Physical World and Spacetime and Gravitation.
Moffat said that Eddington’s book “turned the switch in his mind open, giving him the urge to understand the truth of the universe.” He borrowed many related books from the University of Copenhagen Library and began to study at the undergraduate level. Physics.
Edington’s book seems to have opened his mathematics. In 2 weeks, he learned calculus and soon learned the physics of the university level. Then, he began to have an interest in Einstein’s unified field theory
This is the case. At that time, the mainstream school of quantum mechanics pointed out that before the observation, the position of the particle is uncertain and can only be described by probability. It is the observation of the human to determine the position of the particle.
But Einstein does not recognize quantum mechanics, he does not believe that the world is based on human observation. He believes that quantum mechanics is born with disability. “Do you believe that the moon only appears there when humans observe it?” Therefore, Einstein wanted to build a theory to unify the two basic forces of gravity and electromagnetic force, and hang the quantum. The irrationality of the world. This is the unified field theory.
Because of the speed of learning, Moffat was arranged to meet with Einstein’s old rival, Danish physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr, with the help of John Page, assistant to the British Embassy in Copenhagen.
In 1925, Bohr and Einstein debated at the home of the Austrian mathematician Paul Ellen Fest in Leiden, the Netherlands. @wikipedia
Like Einstein does not have quantum mechanics, Bohr is not very embarrassed by Einstein’s theory. In the course of this interview, Bohr directly said that Einstein had become an alchemist and went further and further on the wrong road. Bohr also warned Moffat, “Indulging in Einstein’s thinking is a waste of time.”
But because of the goodwill of this young man, Bohr allowed Moffat to make a report on the unified field theory at the Niels Bohr Institute. However, the physicists present were not very friendly, they gave Moffat a batch.
After the approval, Moffat was not in a good mood. Under the impulse, in 1953, 20-year-old high school student Moffat wrote to Einstein at Princeton. “The main purpose of my speech there is to fight me. Self-confidence, and attached two papers of his own. In the letter, Moffat pointed out the loveThe mathematical formula used by Stan to describe electromagnetic forces is wrong.
What he didn’t think of was that Einstein wrote back in German. Because she couldn’t read German, Moffat asked a German-speaking barber to help him translate. The barber told him: “Xiaoqiang (John), it seems that Einstein is taking you seriously.”
In the letter, for the mistake of the mathematical formula, Einstein said that Moffat was right. He regarded Moffat as “intellectual peers” and kept in communication with him for the next six months.
With regard to his unanimous field theory, Einstein wrote in his reply:
” Dear Moffat, our current situation is like this. We are standing in front of a box that cannot be opened, trying to guess what is in the box, nothing.”
In hindsight, Einstein had been fighting this box for 20 years and was 20 years without success because he refused to recognize quantum mechanics and lacked the two elements of ultimate theory.
This is the case. In the 1930s, Einstein began to unify the two fundamental forces of the universe in the unified field theory of research: gravity and electromagnetic force. But later physicists discovered that there are actually two other fundamental forces in the universe, namely the strong interaction forces that form the nucleus and the weak interaction forces of radioactivity. In other words, Einstein’s dishes are less than two basic ingredients, so of course the correct taste can not be burned.
Four basic forces (left-right): electromagnetic force, weak interaction force, strong interaction force, gravity
However, Einstein’s reply has greatly increased Moffat’s confidence and began to look forward to a serious academic career as a registered physicist.
Next, a local newspaper reported on Moffat and Einstein and Bohr. The report was seen by the British Consulate in Copenhagen. They contacted the British Department of Science and Industry Research in London (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research), brought Moffat to the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, and met with Schrödinger, all inclusive.
Schrodinger is a big man who can speak six languages, the basic equation of quantum mechanics – the famous celebrity of Schrödinger’s wave equation.
Moffat recalls that when he arrived, Schrödinger was unfortunately ill due to bronchitis, plus his wife and girlfriend quarreled in the kitchen (you didn’t Wrong) , the atmosphere is embarrassing, so the sick Schrödinger decided to lie in bed, through his people set round glasses to observe this self-taught young man.
Schrödinger’s Death Gaze
In the beginning, they both got a good job, but after mentioning Einstein, Schrödinger sat up in dying and went to the sky for another 500 years. He began to smash silver. Moffat recalls: “He is so angry, he yells at me and says Einstein.