Photo by Aaron Burden on Unsplash, this article is from WeChat public account: Publisher’s Magazine (ID: publishers) < / a> , Speaker: Fang Xi, Deputy Chief Editor of CITIC Publishing Group

I’m talking to you today about “the pain of reading.”

From the past to the present, we are full of gratitude when it comes to reading. We all feel that it entrusts us from deep, dark, and ignorant places to light. Yes, all the benefits are there. However, as a professional publisher and a writer, I deal with a large number of excellent international and domestic authors every year, and with various reading clubs across the country, I will feel more about reading Itching.

121 years ago, Weng Tonghe, the emperor of Tongzhi and Guangxu, once wrote a couplet to Zhang Jingjiang’s new house. We all know that couplet. It is called “Hundred-year-old home in the world is nothing but virtue. The best thing in the world is reading.” “

The reading and reading we said at that time were actually equal. You might read “The West Chamber”, “University” and “The Doctrine of the Mean”, we are all talking about reading. For Weng Tong and them, they refer Reading, reading books about the burden of the world.

There are some changes today , such as you read an e-book on the KINDLE reader and get the reader, is this a book? Definitely is. You read a paper on your mobile phone, do you read it? You feel like it counts. Read an in-depth WeChat article? Slightly ambiguous, maybe count. If you look at the same long lines, is it not? Hard to say. Is it a joke? The difference comes from the smart age we are talking about today.

Fang Xi, Deputy Chief Editor of CITIC Publishing Group

The intelligent age I understand is that we give some external power and equipment to our brains and limbs.

I recently called some people and couldn’t get through, but I was particularly active on WeChat. I contacted him and he said that I often did not answer the phone and my phone seemed to be down. Although the basic function of a smart phone is the phone, it is precisely this function that is declining and becomes unimportant. It becomes a reader, manages and directs your schedule, is a transfer station for work, and manages your home appliances. In this state, people become multi-threaded jumps in the information flow. We have to face this situation: at this minute you are responding to a report of your boss to do a job, the next minute you discuss with your colleagues what to eat for lunch, and the next minute you quickly go to the circle of friends for Your old mother took a picture of the scarf in the suburbs.

You find no, the time you spend focusing and boredom becomes shorter and shorter. I felt a little impatient and grabbed my phone immediately. Why? Because the phone is an external tickle, you have to scratch it.

This change blurs the boundaries of reading . The so-called intelligent age actually reconstructs our thinking and reconstructs our social.

McLuhan talked about two concepts, one is called cold medium and the other is called hot medium. McLuhan is a talented communication scientist, and he is a bit unclear about these two definitions. What is a cold medium? The information is incomplete, inadequate and unclear. This is called cold media. He believes that television and telephone are cold media. What is a heat medium? A hot medium is one in which information is rich and precise. Movies and books are called hot media.

I was inspired by his concept, and I want to from another perspective Read our reading today: cold interface and hot interface.

Information flows between sending and receiving, and there must be two interfaces. For example, books are a cold interface. Why? Because the information in the book is fixed, stable, and deterministic,You put a book there, and ten years later, it hasn’t changed. In front of the cold interface, people will be involuntary or forced to heat up. What is heating? It is when you are studying that you mobilize your past knowledge accumulation, experience, experience and anticipation. You need to mobilize yourself, so there is agitation and commitment.

The characteristic of the cold interface is that its output is actually related to the quality of your hot interface. Zhang Ailing once said that when she was 8 years old, she watched A Dream of Red Mansions for the first time. At that time, I saw a little lively. After that, I saw it every three or four years. I gradually saw the outline of people and stories. Every time, the impression is different. Until now, I have seen more anxiety between people.

You will find that the book is still the same book, with no more words and no less words. From a text itself, it is fixed and stable, but its own heating continuously leads to something related to the book. The understanding and acquisition of a person reading a book may exceed the level of the book itself.

A lot of times you read as if you remember something, but after three months of reading, you find that you have forgotten most of it. But there’s something silently infiltrating your heart. Sometimes it is suddenly evoked by an external message and a chemical reaction occurs.

Mobile news, short videos and the like are hot interfaces. They are mobile, active, short-lived, and fast. You seem to be constantly searching for the content you are interested in. That thermal interface knows more about what you are impatient with and what impatient you are. It captures your impatientness and changes the way it is presented. So in fact, at this time, attention is not a hunter at all, it is a prey.

In the face of the thermal interface, people will be forced to chill, no investment is needed, and they don’t feel tired. Brushing and brushing for two hours will soon pass. We feel deeper than the ancients what Baiku is passing and what is passing by.

Starting from the cold interface and the hot interface, and further, There are two industries about reading:

A kind of thumb reading, we keep brushing . The thumb is our finger for reading when facing the thermal interface. Another is called forefinger reading, and we use it when reading.

It took a long time for humans to walk more than 1,000 years before the two fingers could read at the same time. This is a long event. The field of thumb reading is expanding, and it is nothing more than ten years to really flourish. This is a sceneThe change.

Thumb reading is part of the environment. Whether you are writing, reading, or promoting reading, you need to take into account that the fundamental elements of this environment have changed. Is this change bad? It has nothing to do with good or bad. Thumb reading itself makes reading and publishing easier. It will make grouping and alliance easier, and of course it will be easier to disagree with each other, it will make it easier to find fellow people, and let you see what others have learned with your index finger when reading a book . This is about another new dimension. It read the book long and wide.

Thumb reading and index finger reading will continue for longer. But I think that index finger reading may be the basis of all our reading, because it will really mobilize you. As I said just now, you do n’t know what you remember, but one day, when you do n’t know what time, suddenly the sparks are lit, such as the lightning in the sky, and you find something I understand.

Wissner, a famous anthropologist, had done an anthropological survey in South Africa. He surveyed the tribe at the time to see how these people usually talked. He divided these conversations into daytime conversations and nighttime conversations. The daytime conversation is almost the same as when we go to work. It talks about work performance and how to hunt prey. The story accounts for 6%. When talking at night, everyone gathered around the campfire or sat on the ground watching the stars. 81% of the stories were told, and 4% were mythical. Do you feel that in the description of Wisner, in fact, this group of people talking around the bonfire at night, especially those who can tell stories and respond to stories, they get greater in the community Respect. The speakers made some bigger and clearer fictions, and answered many questions about our survival as humans, even if they were rough or incomplete. The listeners and those who participated in the feedback both spent the night happily and inadvertently acquired the public knowledge retained by the entire community.

Do you think that the conversation at night is like our reading club? I think it is the earliest book club for human beings. It is a book club that combines creation and communication. Unlike the thumb and index finger just now, I think it is a five-finger reading. In addition to the thumb and forefinger, interpretation, interpretation, and communication, and even questioning, have formed a true communication.

Edward W., evolutionary biologist Wilson said: “The larger the group, the slower the degradation of public knowledge, and the more diverse and long-lasting cultural diversity is.” The same is true of book clubs. When we think of book clubs as a social group, For the sake of some ideas, the formation of a cluster, a high degree of intersection, the public knowledge system of society will precipitate and generate, those new concepts will enter the field of consciousness and become the basic materials for our decision.

I used to attendI have had several reading clubs, and there are several comparative characteristics of good books.

First, all the participants in good book clubs read books, and first read their index fingers. Some people read the entire book, some read half, and some read two chapters in depth. Everyone will have some basis for discussion.

Second, everyone’s analysis of the content is different, but the cognitive level is similar. There are some reading clubs. Some of them have very high cognitive levels and some are weaker. It is more difficult to form a stir. I attended a book club, it seemed like a book club about literature. A big sister stood up and said, I’m sorry, I haven’t read this book. Why did I want to come today because I have conflicts with my mother-in-law, I want Everyone helps me come up with ideas, how to deal with her … make reading a book very absurd. Is the book club social? Of course it is social. Sometimes we read books for fun, and we want people to sit quietly, but in fact, the close level of cognition, I think it is the key, otherwise it may be a waste of time for many people.

Third, many book clubs I have participated in are actually reading a book, but it is far more than this book. You will discuss the key questions about this book and how it was discussed. It’s like if you push open a door, you see one after another wonderful rooms, and finally everyone walks into a magnificent hall together. This is a great way to read. If we compare a book to a podium, and the rest of us revolve around it, this is a very good way of intensive reading. But instead of treating books as books, but as a carrier of some interesting questions, this may be a better way of reading.

I have participated in those more difficult book clubs. I summarized that there are several characteristics. First, reading clubs need offline space. Sometimes, some books seem to attract a lot of people, and everyone is interested in this issue. Some books seem to be less frequent. The organizational flexibility of the offline space is very large, causing great trouble to the organizers. I attended a particularly interesting reading session, which was held next to the toilet in the cafeteria. Because there might be too many people that day, more people than that small room. It sounds irrelevant to you, but if it’s a weekly and monthly thing to do, it might be a worry: offline space.

Second, choose a book. Maybe because I made the edition myself, I also served as the editor-in-chief of CITIC Bookstore, and I am relatively familiar with some fields, but when I really see the published book titles, I will be surprised. There are too many books you don’t know. Almost no one, even if you think you have worked a lot, you really don’t know how many good things are out of your sight. This information asymmetry is always present.

Third, the fun of the organizers. Fun is the beginning of everything, and fun is alsoIf we all need to socialize, why not promote it in book clubs? CITIC Publishing Group is willing to make a small contribution here.

This article is from WeChat public account: publisher’s magazine (ID: publishers) , Speaker: Fang Xi, Deputy Chief Editor of CITIC Publishing Group. This article is based on the recording of Fang Xi’s keynote speech in “Reading in the Intelligent Age-The Sixth National Book Conference”, and the text has been verified by the speaker.