Occupational diseases are more rare than rare diseases. How can they be prevented?

This article is from WeChat Public Account Number: SELF Gezhi On the Road pulpit (ID: SELFtalks) , author: Ye Institute (Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention), original title: “Occupational diseases are more rare than rare diseases, we must prevent everyone from getting sick through preventive methods | Ye Yan”, the picture from the photo taken by hermaion on Pexels

So far there is no cure for pneumoconiosis. There is no medicine or method to cure pneumoconiosis patients. What should I do? Only by means of prevention can everyone be prevented from getting sick, so that everyone can protect themselves in dusty workplaces.

Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, my work unit, everyone may think of the SARS defense battle in Beijing 16 years ago. At that time, it was the busiest time in our unit. Everyone may rest at home or Watching the news nervously, we have been exploring the prevention and control of this disease day and night.

</ iframe> Actually, the work of disease prevention and control is sometimes similar to the work of the police, that is, we have been in a state of cracking the case. For a disease, a patient, we have to find the intermediate connection, where the disease comes from, and where it goes to whom. The work of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention goes far beyond the prevention and control of infectious diseases. For example, some chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, high blood lipids, and high blood sugar. For the meals we eat, we have nutrition to do research for everyone; for the water we drink and the air we breathe, we have the environment to do research for you. Everyone’s work environment, everyone’s occupational safety and health is where my occupational health is. As long as you have a career, that is my client and research target. Pneumoconiosis is the major occupational disease Speaking of the three words of occupational disease, I think it may reflect different concepts and different pictures in everyone’s mind. Some people will involuntarily bring some habits from work to life, or form a kind of conditioned reflex. Some people even make up some snippets: the police see everyone like a bad person, the doctor sees everyone like a patient, and some say it is an occupational disease. Someone ridiculed the pilot to drive the car, saying that the pilot would always feel slow to drive and always feel that he was missing a seat belt. If the co-pilot did n’t take the seat, he would feel awkward; when he was on the road, he would always drive on the double yellow line, overtaking At that time, neither the left nor the right, but accelerated straight, and then pulled up the steering wheel. Of course, this is a kind of ridicule or joke in life. What it shows is that some habits in work are brought to life involuntarily, but this is a completely different concept from the occupational disease I want to talk about. The occupational disease I mentioned is because people are harmed by certain factors during the labor process. The illness that actually occurs on the body can indeed affect our physical health. This chart is the change curve of the number of reported occupational disease patients published in China from 2005 to 2018. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article / content / 201912/17 / 164513797306.jpg? imageView2 / 2 / w / 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 816 "data-h =" 505 "> The blue curve above is how many patients are reported each year. As of the end of 2018, China has cumulatively reported more than 970,000 occupational disease patients, of which pneumoconiosis accounted for 90%. Pneumoconiosis is the major occupational disease and one of the most reported cases. A lot of data for 970,000? We can compare it with other diseases. In 2018, China published a list of rare diseases. The so-called rare diseases generally refer to diseases that contain familial inheritance, which are formed due to genetic changes or other reasons. Rare disease is defined as a disease with a prevalence of less than one-thousandth in the population. The data reported in 2018 shows that China has 16.8 million rare disease patients, and occupational disease patients have reported a total of 970,000. Excluding what we have not found or some errors, I believe that occupational disease patients should be at the level of one million. In terms of data, occupational diseases are a more rare type of disease than rare diseases, but sometimes they ca n’t be measured by a single number. The truth behind the words occupational diseases is actually not 970,000. This number can be reflected. After being endangered by occupational diseases, workers have a long-term impact on their physical conditions, and even their entire lives. This decline in labor capacity has a great impact on individuals, families, and society. Some people may have to lie in bed all their lives because of an occupational disease. They may no longer be able to do any work or make any contribution to society. Instead, they will consume a lot of social resources, including family care for him. These are not what a simple number can contain. Symptoms and harms of pneumoconiosis We can see these work scenes in the news and on the Internet. In these smoky workplaces, workers will be exposed to the dangers of dust, and they may cause pneumoconiosis. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article / content / 201912/17 / 164513918602.jpg? imageView2 / 2 / w / 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1036 "data-h =" 594 "> <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513995188.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 597 "data-h =" 389 "> Due to long-term inhalation of large amounts of dust, the lungs of workers are severely affected and their respiratory function is reduced. The word PM2.5 is often heard now, which refers to particles smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter in the air, which can enter our lungs. But for smaller dust particles such as PM1 and PM0.5, these particles enter our body and cause damage to alveolar cells. Alveolar cells are places where gas is exchanged. If these cells are damaged, human respiratory function will be affected. These pictures describe the condition of pneumoconiosis patients after they became ill. Many patients become poor due to pneumoconiosis or return to poverty due to illness. These phenomena have been reported from time to time. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513304522.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 599 "> Some people often cannot lie down because of pneumoconiosis, because his respiratory function is severely affected, especially belching. If lying down is particularly detrimental to his breathing, he often can only sit or even kneel. Sometimes it is reported on the Internet that pneumoconiosis patients kneel and wait for death. It sounds miserable, but in factThis is indeed the truth for some people, and kneeling or sitting is the most comfortable position for them. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513618206.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 606 "> There is no cure for pneumoconiosis so far. There is no medicine or method to cure pneumoconiosis patients. Only prevention can prevent everyone from getting sick, so that everyone can be protected in dusty workplaces. Yourself. This is a normal lung photo and a photo with pneumoconiosis, and some of the specimens mentioned in the specimen, such as asbestos lung, coal worker pneumoconiosis, and silicosis, are more common classifications of pneumoconiosis. The different colors are It is the lesion. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513955672.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 974 "data-h =" 370 "> Compared with normal lungs, you can see that its shape, size, and color have changed. In fact, its function is also greatly affected. On the X-rays, you can see it more clearly. On the left is a normal picture of the lungs. The lung tissue is clean and there is nothing. If it is a photo of a pneumoconiosis patient, different small and large shadows can be seen on the X-ray film. In fact, these are caused by the gradual accumulation and increase of dust in the lung tissue. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513308576.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 606 "> Then, this part of the lung tissue will gradually lose function, and the amount of lung tissue that people can provide effective breathing will be particularly small, and the respiratory function will gradually decline, resulting in the patient’s resistance gradually decreasing and the respiratory function being severe. Damaged. Prevention of pneumoconiosis To prevent pneumoconiosis, I have to mention the specialty I studied-preventive medicine. When it comes to doctors, the first reaction that may be given to a person is a doctor who sees a doctor and performs surgery. This is the scope of clinical medicine. Preventive medicine, like clinical medicine, is a branch of medicine below. We also need to learn the concept of clinical medicine when we are studying, but we do not take this as our main job. We do not see a doctor. Have surgery. The only time I had a scalpel for surgery was when I was 20 years old, when I was a medical student. The first time I picked up the scalpel, the main knife had an appendicitis resection operation that now looks very simple. From skin preparation to incision, treatment, ligation, cutting, and suture, although the whole process has persisted, my hands have been shaking, of course, the outcome is very bad, the operation failed, and the rabbit never did Failed to get up from the operating table. Of course, the difference is professional. Although I can’t rescue the patient from the operating table, I have a way to prevent people from lying on the operating table, or lying on the operating table later. Facing the prevention of pneumoconiosis, we cannot sit in the clinic like clinicians, waiting for workers to come to consult or wait for them to see a doctor. We must go out and enter the enterprise to explain occupational diseases to workers. Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513835593.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 595 "data-h =" 394 "> My team and I have beenEvery year, more than 100 enterprises have to enter and teach managers about the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Every year we hold various trainings. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513248802.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 505 "data-h =" 334 "> This is the Beijing International Daxing Airport. The new airport will be completed and open this year. This is a lecture on pneumoconiosis prevention for the workers of the airport. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513435175.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 789 "data-h =" 587 "> We will also enter various types of enterprises and explain the knowledge of occupational disease prevention to the workers. What kind of place do workers work in? We provide services to them under any kind of environment. We will work with sanitation workers at a high temperature of 40 degrees Celsius to understand their status and conduct research. We will also work with loading and unloading workers at the Capital Airport at minus ten degrees and twenty degrees Celsius to feel their work and make suggestions to protect their health. So at this time I am very fortunate that I am not working in the CDC in Harbin. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513805956.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 601 "> This is usIn the hospital monitoring, we are not saving patients, but monitoring the drug content in the hospital air to protect doctors. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513480527.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 989 "data-h =" 736 "> Everyone knows that doctors are also a profession. In addition to treating and saving people, they are also facing many toxic and harmful substances, and they have a lot of mental stress. In fact, these problems may affect the health of doctors. Protecting their health is our Part of the duties. We will also search for archives of various types of enterprises for possible problems in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, and ask them to make improvements to protect the health of workers. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513580695.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 608 "> This is the significance of the existence of our preventive medical workers. We just want to do these things before the disease happens. But not everyone can understand the importance of prevention. More than 2,000 years ago, Han Feizi wrote an article, “Bian Yan meets Cai Yangong,” which we learned in the text at school. It is about the divine doctor Bian Yan It was suggested that Cai Yigong rush to see a doctor, but Cai Yigong tabooed against illness and did not adopt Bian Yi’s suggestion, and eventually died. When Cai Yegong first met Bian Yan, he said something like this: “Good medicine is good for treating disease.” According to Cai Yegong, doctors are willing to go for treatment Those who are not sick take this as their credit. I think this sentence is the biggest misunderstanding or even slander of all medical workers, especially preventive medicine workers,Because when we ordinary people judge whether they are sick, they often rely on symptoms. But some diseases are often asymptomatic or have no specific symptoms in the early stages of their occurrence, which can only be detected through objective inspections. For example, there is a disease called occupational noise deafness, which refers to people who work in a noisy environment, which causes hearing loss due to long-term work in this environment. Speaking, it is reflected in the inability to hear a certain high-frequency sound, and normal conversation is not affected. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513510002.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 587 "> But if there is no intervention, control and protection in the early stages of the disease, irreversible consequences are likely to occur. Like occupational lead poisoning, as workers inhale lead-containing smoke and dust in the workplace, lead builds up in the body and causes poisoning. But in the early stage, the symptoms it displays are particularly atypical, dizziness, fatigue, faint stomach pain, and severe abdominal cramps. This is easily confused with the general symptoms of the disease, and it is easy to be ignored. <img class = "lazyImg" _src = "https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/content/201912/17/164513316785.jpg?imageView2/2/w/ 1000 / format / jpg / interlace / 1 / q / 85 "data-w =" 1080 "data-h =" 670 "> So in the early stages of these diseases, how to discover and how to prevent the disease from developing to a deeper level is the second subject that our preventive medicine must do. 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