Once upon a time, IBM and Oracle were the overlords of traditional IT, and enterprises benefited from it, but were also limited by it. Nowadays, the days of traditional IT giants are changing, and the tide of cloud computing has come across. Why have there been so many changes in the IT field in just a few years?

Editor’s note: This article comes from WeChat public account “Xiaozhi’s Internet Watch” (ID: hear_and_tell) , author Tang Xiaozhi.

Once upon a time, IBM and Oracle were the overlords of traditional IT, and enterprises benefited from it, but were also limited by it. Nowadays, the days of traditional IT giants are changing, and the tide of cloud computing has come across. Why have there been so many changes in the IT field in just a few years?

“The world is suffering IOE for a long time”

Before the advent of the comprehensive cloud computing era, a few names that an enterprise’s informatization will never get rid of are: IBM, Oracle, EMC, Intel … These big guys, known as IOEs, have ruled the IT market for 20 years , Its business model is almost similar to the “commercial tax”, 20 years ago, products continue to charge companies for sales and service fees. These services have indeed brought technical convenience to enterprise informatization, but also because of their high prices and innovations that cannot keep up with business changes, they have become the three big mountains that are pressing on enterprises. .

Out of control traditional IT, attacking cloud computing

The world is suffering IOE for a long time, this is the darkness before dawn.

Changes are not without warning. When monopolies are at peace with the status quo, great changes have been secretly growing in corners. The founder of Apple Inc., Jobs, highly praised a book called “Innovator’s Dilemma”. This book tells why big companies and mature companies turn a blind eye to emerging markets, so they missed opportunities and even went straight to decline. Giants such as IBM are not pioneers of innovation, otherwise their products will not be able to monopolize the key nodes of enterprise informatization, but from the day of monopoly, it is destined that they will no longer be able to make “destructive innovation” products. .

So, the trend of “going to IOE” naturally sprouted, and it was dawn. These giants have also slept on Jinshan from the previous, and they are completely dumb and out of control, and have fallen into various problems:

  • In May 2019, Oracle began large-scale layoffs in China. The target of layoffs is developers. As a software development company second only to Microsoft, the probability of layoffs in R & D means the beginning of losing China;

  • In October 2019, IBM released its third quarter financial report, and its revenue for the fifth consecutive quarter fell year-on-year, and its revenue in China continued to decline for 8 consecutive years;

  • Earlier in 2015, EMC was acquired by Dell at a sky-high price of US $ 67 billion, becoming the largest merger and acquisition in the history of technology;

  • Intel, the hardware chip giant, announced that the biggest and most important transformation in the 2010s was the transformation from “PC-centric” to “data-centric.”

    Going to IOE is not as simple as shouting a slogan. The strong dependence of enterprises on it has its historical background. The desolation of traditional IT giants is not because of competitors in their own field, but from barbarians at the gate . This person’s name is called cloud computing.

    “Everyone’s drinking place is cloud computing”

    In the first decade of the 21st century, AWS was the first to launch cloud computing services. Since then, Alibaba, Google, and Microsoft have also launched their own cloud services. The IDC report shows that cloud computing has accounted for more than 50% of the global IT infrastructure, and cloud computing has surpassed traditional data centers to become the market leader. Gartner predicts that the global public cloud service market is expected to grow by 17% to $ 266.4 billion in 2020,

    Gartner believes: “Cloud adoption has become mainstream. As a result, expectations for cloud investment-related results are also higher. The adoption of next-generation solutions is ‘cloud-enhanced’ solutions, which means that they are built on cloud platforms. Advantages to provide digital business capabilities. “

    Out of control traditional IT, attacking cloud computing

    A few years ago, the market was still cautious about cloud computing, but only a few years later, there was a storm of enterprises going to the cloud, and the traditional IT hinterland was continuously eroded by cloud vendors. Why can cloud computing develop so quickly from a few people’s heads up to the present “everyone drinking place, all say cloud computing”?

    The underlying reason is that the center of the IT market is shifting to the cloud: At the hardware level, cloud vendors have becomeLeaders of innovation; in terms of talents, the first choice of Silicon Valley returnees has become Internet companies; in terms of customers, the cloud has become the closest place to customers and consumers.

    Hardware upgrade, innovation transfer

    In traditional IT solutions, enterprises not only need to build their own data centers at a high cost, but also need a strong IT team to be responsible for the architecture, daily operation and maintenance of servers, networks and storage This is a huge burden for start-ups, and it is not easy for even large companies.

    In the era of cloud computing, enterprises only need to select a cloud vendor, and the rest is solved by the IT capabilities integrated by cloud services. A piece of data confirms this view: The “China X86 Server Market Tracking Report for the Second Quarter of 2019” released by IDC shows that X86 server Q2 shipments have fallen sharply. Previously, due to the low price and good compatibility, X86 servers were favored by small and medium-sized enterprises, and shipments continued to rise. However, this sharp decline in shipments is a major evidence of the company’s overall cloud trend.

    Alibaba, Huawei and other companies have invested a lot of resources in chips, databases, and operating systems in order to improve the computing capabilities of cloud services. Innovation is also happening here. Take Alibaba Cloud as an example. In the past three years, server liquid cooling technology, the world’s strongest AI chip containing optical 800 and other black technologies, as well as the Shenlong cloud server architecture that maximizes virtual machine performance, it is not difficult to see that this happened in the database, The product capabilities of upstream chips and other industrial chains are becoming more and more full-stacked and performance-oriented, saving a lot of computing resources.

    Investment from all directions, talent transfer

    Not long ago, the two founders of Google announced their retirement, and Indian CEO Pichai took the lead. There was a discussion at the time, “Why are the number of Indian executives of Silicon Valley companies far higher than that of Chinese?” The answer is actually very simple: Because China has a large Internet market and a large number of Internet companies, it can absorb acceptance These Silicon Valley talents.

    Previously, the United States NBC reported that the return of Chinese entrepreneurs to return to China led to the loss of American talent, and according to data released by the Chinese Ministry of Education, about 80% of Chinese students who have earned a degree abroad choose to return to China, which is much higher than 2007 33% of the year, about 15% of them choose to devote themselves to the booming technology industry in China.

    The development of China’s Internet industry has created many career development spaces for many talents. And the salary gap with Silicon Valley has been constantly narrowing, which is particularly evident in top companies. At present, many Internet companies’ engineers have been able to get 70% to 80% of the salary of American engineers. This is also an important reason for the return of talent.

    Alibaba is also used as an example, as ChinaAlibaba’s R & D employees account for half of the leading Internet companies. Most of the recruitment positions in 2019 are mainly R & D. The average R & D investment in the past two years has reached 15.53%, ranking first in BAT. The Dharma Institute, which has been invested heavily in Alibaba, has gathered more than 1,000 high-tech talents in two years. Many experts are well-known academia. In mid-2018, it won nearly 20 The project is the world’s first, and many research results have been implemented at the same time.

    Out of control traditional IT, attacking cloud computing

    Huawei, Tencent and other companies are also willing to give up. The former has offered up to 2 million annual salary offers for fresh doctors, while the latter has many laboratories such as Youtu and Xuanwu. It can be said that Chinese Internet companies have become Silicon Valley returnees A harvester for Kochi talents in academia. Thanks to the contributions of these talents, cloud computing continues to improve in terms of computing resources and software and hardware capabilities in order to meet the increasingly urgent cloud requirements of enterprises.

    Overall cloud, customer transfer

    The Global Cloud Computing IT Infrastructure Market Forecast Report released by IDC shows that the global public cloud plus private cloud market share will surpass traditional data centers in 2019 and become the market leader. This is the inflection point moment on the cloud.

    The word of mouth in the industry is that the first driving force for enterprises to go to the cloud is to save costs. This is true. But cost saving is not the only driving force. In fact, going to the cloud in general is not a “Yes or No” issue, but a “When and How” issue.

    In terms of cost savings, using the industry’s common TCO standard (that is, total cost of ownership), using cloud can save more than half of the cost than traditional IT, improve stability by more than 10 times, and increase security by 50 times.

    The basics for Internet companies to go to the cloud have been completed. The traditional industry is not considering whether to go to the cloud, but how to go to the cloud, and which cloud to go to. The banking industry is one of the industries that rely most on traditional IT in the traditional industries. The multi-vendor, cross-language, security, and data control features and characteristics that the financial industry naturally possesses have made its IT architecture virtually deaf. Like a mountain “: It’s not that you don’t want to move, it’s really hard to move.

    Out of control traditional IT, attacking cloud computing

    In the era of comprehensive cloud, the business scene of the banking industry is very different from the traditional IT era. In this era, the banking industry has also shifted from relying on traditional IT to embrace cloud computing. After Minsheng Bank adopted Alibaba Cloud’s distributed core technology, the system cost was reduced to one-tenth of the original, the transaction time per transaction was reduced from 120 milliseconds to less than 50 milliseconds, and the peak value of transactions per second increased from the previous 7,800 transactions to 30,000. pen. In September 2019, Tencent Cloud officially announced that the financial-grade distributed database TDSQL officially landed in Zhangjiagang Rural Commercial Bank, becoming the first domestically-made database used by banks in traditional core business scenarios.

    It is not only banks that are rushing to the cloud, but also the strong promotion of competent authorities. The CBRC requires that by 2020, all important information systems facing the Internet scene in the banking industry must be migrated to cloud computing architecture platforms. The migration ratio of other systems is not the same. Below 60%.

    The cloud-based bidding case of the traditional bank led by the four major behaviors was completely divided by Ali and Tencent. The emerging Internet banks naturally embraced cloud computing. It can be said that from the Internet industry to the traditional industry represented by the financial industry, mass customers have begun to fall to the cloud in an all-round way.

    What will future cloud vendors look like?

    What will the future cloud vendors look like? You can see how two cloud computing benchmarking companies at home and abroad do it.

    At the AWS re: Invent 2018, Amazon announced that it would abandon Oracle. In October this year, an AWS official blog post revealed that Amazon’s Consumer Business Department had closed the final Oracle database and the migration was officially completed. As a giant company with a market value of once trillion dollars, Amazon has enough body and confidence to say no to Oracle.

    In China, Alibaba Cloud has taken ten years to achieve the top three markets in the world and the largest market share in Asia, occupying almost half of the domestic market. Its independently developed Feitian large-scale operating system and Feitian series platforms have occupied the commanding heights in technology. In addition, the self-developed matrix consisting of PolarDB, Shenlong Cloud Server, and Pangu distributed storage system has been fully prepared to fully enter the traditional IT market.

    Why do we have to emphasize the word “self-research” instead of using the “open source” solution? This also shows the technical ambition of the company Alibaba from another perspective: it has the ability to self-research and also has the ability The ability of sub-optimization, and the ability to give back to the community through open source, self-research + open source is the opposite direction of unified technology construction.

    The retention area of ​​traditional IT has begun to be eroded by cloud vendors.

    why