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Cuihua, Shufen and dog eggs at home,Today they have become Jenny Cathy and Marvin working from home.

Sometimes I unknowingly say “I applied for deadline next month” to my family. “The review results for the last quarter were not good. I didn’t get a salary increase.” The family stared at you for a long time: Yo, this baby has no Chinese La?

If they know that you do n’t call them by your company / school, it may be a little troublesome.

What should I do? If they are interested in hearing a little about linguistics and communication, you can show them this.

(If they are not interested, just pretend to be dead)

What are the Chinese and English inclusions?

If you haven’t been abroad or in an English environment, many people will think that the inclusion of Chinese and English is “pretending to be forced”, and it is “clearly translated words that must show English”. If the other party is unhappy, it will still make you say, “You just can’t speak English?”

This “pretend to force” assertion is really a bit unfair, because indeed many people are used to speaking, and English words pop out without thinking. But it’s not all wrong—because language itself is a signal of identity, but the mechanism of this signal is more complicated.

Figure | Pokras Lampas

First say “Why do some people get used to the inclusion of Chinese and English”.

A word has “signifier” (that is, the word itself) , has “allRefers to “ (the specific thing this word refers to) . For example, when I say the word identity, the eight English letters of identity are it “Signifier”, and the signifier is the meaning I want to express-“identity in the cultural and political sense.” However, the Chinese translation of the word “identity” is relatively vague and may be social Status, bloodlines, including occupations, etc., need more words to clarify.

This is why Chinese is obviously a shorter language, but when translating a thing, you have to speak for a long time. The original word and the translated word are different, so you have to say a few more words to match it. The “referred” packaged in a word symbol is obviously the original symbol if it is to be expressed. (original word ) It’s easiest to throw them out.

If a person’s Chinese level is not high enough, or if he is used to it, he will often encounter a situation of brain jam. “Ah, heh, that word is here? I can’t express it. Forget it in English.” Over time, the language will erode. (erosion ) , which happens in the native language of many bilinguals.

However, at the level of cultural exchange, borrowing words between languages, and even the evolution of the language itself, is a similar process. Many French words are borrowed intact in English, such as croissant (croissant) . Without this French word, English must say ” shortened pastry in a horn shape. ” I either invented a new word or borrowed the French word directly. Since the spelling system is the same, I might as well borrow it directly.

Figure | Etsy

The same is true for Chinese, but the spelling system is different. Writing English directly will be very abrupt. At the beginning of the 20th century, Shanghainese borrowed a lot of foreign words from foreigners, such as Bai Tuo (dear) , Tiger (roof) window, now it seems No offense?

It’s more extreme like Japanese, spelling almost all foreign words directly in Katakana. For example, if you go to a Japanese fashion magazine and replace all katakana with English original words, then you will get something like: “a brand this season (マ ス カ ラ) ‘ s brush is very easy to use, curling (カ ー リ ン グ) works well, and waterproof (ウ ォ ー タ ー プ ル ー フ) Oh! “

Figure | Pokras Lampas

Inclusion is a matter of habit

The connection between signifier and signified has formed a habit in everyday language and even thinking, especially when the connection is repeated for a long time.

Sometimes there are Chinese and English words that are not particularly difficult to translate. For example, “I have a paper to be due today”, in fact, I have a paper to submit today, but we do it 800 times a day Thinking of paper, writing paper, eating and sleeping, thinking of paper, my head is almost bald, so I naturally blurted out when talking to others.

In contrast, the structure of language is not so easy to change. We are still used to using Chinese grammatical structure to organize our thinking.

This situation is also more likely to occur in sentence components that you want to emphasize, such as prepositional adverbs or unimportant verbs. We do n’t put English out there. The action “I have a problem, I need to fix it” obviously needs to be placed on fix-this word contains subtle meanings such as “check, repair, adjust”; however, if someone tells you “I have a problem, I need to repair “Hey,” the man is indeed pretending to be.

Figure | Pokras Lampas

Common context is important

After speaking, it ’s not a pretense, but there may be a suspicious part.

Language is used for communication. Most people presuppose speech. The symbols I use are the same as those understood by the other party. And the basis of this communication is that I and the other party have the same context (Ah! You see, if you do n’t understand the context of the word context, then I The communication with you is invalid, sorry for the matryoshka).

In other words, when I popped out of the word context, I expected that you would also understand the meaning of the word-context, environment, and context.

Obviously, not everyone shares this expectation. This is largely determined by education, experience, and background; it is these backgrounds that give meaning to the symbols we use. And the symbol, which highlights your environment and location all the time.

Figure | Pokras Lampas

When I started using the Chinese-English mixed communication mode, for people with the same background as me, then such communication was barrier-free. But for those who do n’t understand this language, I really put my “study abroad / higher education” symbol on the outside, forming a gap between them.

The purpose of communication is to be aware of the existence of the divide when necessary and to minimize it. I will speak in the way I am used to, but I will also notice some “need to explain”-for example, I explained the context just nowAfter a while, I hope more people can understand.

The same principle applies to communication between professionals and the general public. For scholars, we are all accustomed to the signifier and the signifier of a specialized term. A long term fits the precise meaning it can contain. However, this meaning is only shared by scholars’ communication circles and needs “translation”.

Many scholars give the impression of being “high above the ground”. Most of the time, they don’t pretend to force themselves, but the impression that the mixed Chinese and English give to the average person-they are just not used to expressing complexity in their “native language” Meaning.

Figure | Pokras Lampas

What, there is actually a “Starbucks name”

After talking about the Chinese and English inclusions, let’s talk about the English name.

I’ll admit first, that I fooled around in the United States and Britain with a fake name. My English name is Elise, Für Elise from Beethoven. Of course, I am a candidate for when I am a secondary school girl. ) . Then many of my friends with English names were either chosen by themselves or were “gifted” by English foreign teachers.

In my observation, the Chinese (including Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, etc.) prefer people from other cultures. English name. There is a very real need, that is, the Chinese name is really not well pronounced.

The name of a college class with Chinese students is just a blind jb pronunciation scene. (It can be analogized to the current class teacher facing the name of a cryptic post-00 word. Face is awesome) . Many people use English names, which is convenient. Although my name is not difficult to read, it is always confused with my last name. (I really do n’t have a surname Li) , so I will go by Elise.

Actually, other small partners in other countries have simplified their names into nicknames. Although they have not “lost” their real names, similar to Indian names with tongue knots, or Slavic names without a vowel of more than a dozen letters, they will be simplified. This scenario is very common:

“Hello, my name is Chakradhar Balakrishnan.”

(other: ???)

“Just call me Chak.”

So, in fact, the name is just a code name. If your original Chinese name is loud enough and simple enough, you do n’t need to name a name like Caitriona or Saoirse …

In short, this name is called “Starbucks name”. To ask a store clerk to write a name on your drink cup in a noisy Starbucks, you say 800 times “Qian Zhenxu” does not necessarily understand the other party.

Figure | Pokras Lampas

Does your own name really make a joke? Actually nothing. Because of the rules of naming in most parts of the world, it is not the same as English; when it comes to “joking”, it is actually speaking from the standpoint of English.

English, and most Christian culture-affected countries, are named “inherited”, that is, most of them are conventional names, derived from mythology, Bible / saint or Greek / Roman tradition. The name of a child often inherits the names of others in the family as a sign of commemoration or respect, or it is pure and pleasant. Rather, the moral in the name is less important. Many names can be seen in a clear context from inheritance, evolution, and circulation. For example, Ivan, John, Jean, and Jose are actually from the Greek Iohannes. They are translated differently in various languages. The saints in the New Testament of the Bible have become a “bad street” name.

Even in other countries and regions, even if English is used, it may not be based on British and American culture. For example, the African people will use the words “beautiful meaning” in English to directly name them, such as Blessing, Gift, and so on. In Zimbabwe, people are named after the phenomenon of the day, the current mood or the event, which is also their tradition, so there are also names such as Goodluck, PeaceMaker, and even Trouble.

In addition to their own names, Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilians also use nicknames as their names. Watchers know that Kaka, Bailey and Isco are not their real names.

The modern people who have got rid of the family and religious traditions are actually very liberating. The names of the daughters of Kim Kardashian and Grandpa Kan are North West, and Chinese fans are nicknamed Xiaobei Northwest.

A recent photo of Xiaobei