The title picture comes from: “Isometric”, this article comes from WeChat public number: isobath (ID: depthpaper) , author: China business “isobath” correspondent Cheng Wei, Wan Xiaotian
Yang Jinzhang rented the sheep farming area, first planted fruit trees, then opened the sand field, and finally built a steel frame structure building. He passed through the wave of demolition violations and rebuilt it safely. If the structure was not significantly enhanced, at least Added 3,000 tons of bearing capacity to become Xinjia Hotel.
When the new crown pneumonia epidemic arrives, it becomes a “centralized medical observation point”. Until March 7, the building suddenly collapsed.
29 people, because they come from the epidemic area or have related travel history, although they have negative nucleic acid tests, they need to observe here for 14 days before they can start living and working in Quanzhou. But in the end, they failed to leave alive.
112 hours after the accident, around 11:00 on March 12, rescuers found the body of the last person trapped at the collapse site of Xinjia Hotel. So far, of the 71 people trapped, 29 were killed and 42 survived.
On the same day, a person from the Ministry of Emergency Affairs told the media that the hotel had illegally built and repeatedly violated the regulations, “exposing the local authorities’ failure to implement their responsibility for production safety supervision, which has long-term caused loopholes and blind spots in safety risks. He also revealed that the State Council has set up an investigation team on the collapse of the Xinjia Hotel “3.7” to carry out accident investigations.
According to Quanzhou’s earlier report, the owner of the building, Yang Jinzhang, has been controlled.
“Buy” Yang Jinzhang
Shishoutou, Shangcun Village, Jiangnan Street, Quanzhou City (place name), Yang Jinyu, 65 years old, is not rated highly, and thinks he is not Caring about the villageHelp the people in the village less.
“Probably because he bought it.” Several elderly villagers told the Isochrone reporter that in the early years, Yang Jinzhen’s adoptive parents had no children and spent money from the “Quanzhou Five Guarantees” (sound) I bought him. I do n’t know how much it cost. Later, Yang Jinzhang ’s adoptive parents gave birth to two sons, Yang Jinze and Yang Jinhui , And a daughter Yang Jinfeng.
However, Yang Jinxuan’s parents have passed away, and the reporter failed to contact his relatives or relevant authorities to seek adoption.
Yang Jinzhang reads only to high school. The villagers said that the relationship between the three brothers of the Yang family was also not good. Yang Jinzhang’s business was relatively large and made a lot of money. He lived in luxury villas, but rarely helped two younger brothers and one younger sister.
Another detail from the villagers is that some people in the village who have far less assets than Yang Jinzhang can donate 50,000 yuan and collect 3 million yuan to build the Yang Family Ancestral Hall. However, Yang Jinzhang seems to have a low level of identification with Yang. He didn’t donate a penny. Yang Jinzhang’s name did not appear on multiple road repair donations in the village.
In the village, the reporter of “Isometric” saw the donation monument for road hardening in the village many times. On one of the donation monuments for winding roads about 1.5 meters wide, there was a person named Yang Jinze who donated the amount. It’s 300 yuan. Individual villagers could not confirm that the “Yang Jinze” was Yang Jinze’s brother Yang Jinze.
Some elderly villagers commented on Yang Jinzhang: “He doesn’t take advantage of the villagers, he is already thankful.”
On the east side of the collapsed Xinjia Hotel, a straight distance of 940 meters is Yang Jinyu’s current house in the village. This 40-meter-long house is considered the most luxurious and elegant in the village.
European-style villa in Yang Jinzhang in the village. … p
Cheng Wei, reporter Cheng Wei Photography
A 2-meter-high red brick fence is basically covered by flowers. In addition to the straight walls on the west side, the other 3 sides are basically circular. The double iron gate is about 2.5 meters wide and about 2 meters high. The iron door is black lacquered, and the golden pattern highlights the nobility. However, the red couplets around the door have been torn off, leaving only five stickers and a portion of the red couplet paper.
2 meters into the left side of the gate, step on the 5 steps, is a platform, go straight 8 meters, the door of the building. The entire building is a European-style villa, with 2 floors, 3 floors, and 4 floors staggered, with a red roof and a lightning rod on the roof.
These characteristics make Yang Jinyu’s house different from other villagers’ houses. There are birdsong in the courtyard, but the doors and windows are closed tightly. Neighbors of Yang Jinyu’s family avoided talking about Yang Jinyu. All questions from reporters were said to be “don’t know”.
The villagers revealed that the collapsed Xinjia Hotel was a place to raise sheep more than 20 years ago, and was subsequently contracted by Yang Jinzhang for planting fruit trees. However, it didn’t take long before the fruit trees were planted, and the fruit trees were pushed away to make a sand yard and yard yard for a while. Here, around 2012, a nearby large-scale building was completed. In 2013, Yang Jinzhang built a steel frame structure building. In 2018, after the renovation, it became a Xinjia Hotel.
“1688” business
The second brother is mainly engaged in the heat treatment of auto parts, the third brother is processing auto parts, and the younger sister is married in Quanzhou. However, Yang Jinzhang has few contacts with his younger siblings, and he has his own business.
Yang Jinchen has three daughters: Yang Guifen, Yang Guihong, and Yang Guiyu. In 2006, he and three daughters invested 3 million yuan and registered with Quanzhou Xinxingji Electrician Trading Co., Ltd. (3 daughters 3.03% each) , The address is (inside the old farm) , which is the location of Xinjia Hotel, which has collapsed.
Later, the address was renamed to No. 1688, South Ring Road, Shangcun Community, Changtai Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou. The specific rename time cannot be confirmed for the time being. Relevant information shows that in “No. 1688”, Yang Guiyu invested 100,000 yuan on January 4, 2015 to register for “Yiyang Yangyang Automobile Beauty Shop”, butIt has been cancelled.
Also in “No. 1688”, on March 28, 2018, Yang Jinying registered Xinjia Hotel in Licheng District. The approval date was August 19, 2019. The registered capital and paid-up capital were not announced, and the address was on the ground No. 1688. 1st floor lobby, 4th to 6th floors. The “Licheng District Xinjia Hotel” is the collapsed Xinjia Hotel.
According to the official report, Xinjia Hotel was built in 2013 and rebuilt in 2018. On January 22, 2019, in the “Review Opinions on Fire Recording Review of Construction Project Completion and Acceptance” issued by Licheng District Public Security Fire Brigade, Quanzhou City, the signing column of the construction unit was Yang Guihong ’s handwriting—this name is exactly the same as one of Yang Jinyi ’s daughter .
The “Opinion Paper” states: “After all on-site inspections and functional tests by Fujian Fengda Fire Detection Co., Ltd., the tests were qualified, but after the completion inspection, the fire record filing inspection failed. Xinjia Hotel was on January 15, 2019 Apply for re-examination, and after the data review and on-site inspection, comprehensively evaluate the completion of the project and accept the fire re-examination.
Xinhua News Agency reported on March 14th that at the first plenary meeting of the investigation team of the “3 · 7” collapse of Xinjia Hotel of the State Council, according to the preliminary investigation: “The project has not fulfilled the basic construction procedures, and has no planning and construction permits. There are serious problems such as illegal construction and illegal reconstruction. In particular, the owners of the house found major precursors such as settlement of the foundation of the building and deformation of the load-bearing columns. They are still lucky and continue to operate illegally and riskily. In the form, the security checkpoints failed, and eventually led to a tragic accident.
Which rectifications and adjustments have been made by Xinjia Hotel after the above-mentioned fire inspection and acceptance, and who has participated in the data review and on-site inspection are qualified for the fire inspection and acceptance, which is subject to investigation and confirmation by the investigation team of the State Council.
The villagers said that the problem of the Xinjia Hotel project under Yang Jinyu’s name may be far more than that. The land was originally the collective land in the village. It was a farm for sheep. Yang Jinyu was contracted for planting fruit trees. It was leveled up for stacking sand fields, etc. Later, steel-framed houses were built, and land procedures were in doubt.
According to regulations, how was this construction project that may not have a land use right certificate built? Land, housing, fire protection, industry and commerce, market supervision and other departments, as well as villages, communities, streets, etc. can not escape responsibility, because the procedures of these departments are prerequisites for each other. Without the previous procedure, the next one cannot be carried out. formalities.
Not to mention, even after the epidemic, Quanzhou and Licheng District are still investigating illegal construction, and there are reports from time to time. How was Xinjia Hotel selected as the “centralized medicine” of the new crown pneumonia epidemic”Observation point”? The reporter wanted to submit interviews from multiple departments in the local area, but did not receive a reply.
20 years before and after, the sheep farm has become an observation point. On March 7, the building where Xinjia Hotel was located collapsed.
Collapse in 3 seconds
Monitoring at a nearby gas station shows that the accident occurred at 19﹕15﹕55 on the evening of March 7. The Xinjia Hotel in the video had lights in the room before falling down towards the South Ring Road, but on the third floor At the moment when the ground was about to hit, the entire building was powered off and darkened.
The entire collapse process is only 3 seconds.
Later, the video was full of dust and floated tens of meters away. The collapse time announced by the official Weibo of the local emergency management department was “March 7, 19:05”. The collapse time described by some media is mostly “around 17:30” that day.
This surveillance video shows that before the collapse, the building did not have “there was violent shaking before and after” as reported by the media, nor did it first go backwards. ) collapse, and then with the pulling action of the steel frame, the process of (South) collapses.
Isometric reporter found that the building’s collapse shape is basically the front side (South side) completely collapsed, but the building The backside of (North Side) is basically complete. Looking at the drone from the air, its shape, if anyone tore open a box, exposed many square grids inside.
This collapsed shape allows guests staying on the 3rd to 7th floors of the hotel and on the back side of (North Side) The collapsed ruins are buried, the survival probability is extremely high, and the tenants living in the (South side) room on the front side have a lower survival probability. This is also the reason why dozens of people were searched and rescued in the morning of March 8 hours after the incident. Because these people are in the “box torn apart” and the openings of these boxes are “facing the sky”, it is relatively easy to rescue.
Viewed from directly above, the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th floors of the original backside (north side) of Xinjia Hotel are collapsed Later, because the north facade disappeared, it was not buried. ^
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
But rescue after the morning of March 8th was extremely difficult. The reason is that the top of the building is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete cast-in-place board, like a “flat hat” with a length of 50 meters and a width of 20 meters. After the collapse, this “hat” has a width of about 8 meters and is basically on the ground. Tiled, but the other 12 meters covered the collapsed building at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees.
From a distance, the “hat” looks like the wall of the front of the entire building, but it doesn’t even have a window. But in fact, the front facade of the building is all glass curtain wall, and it was first paved to the ground during the collapse. The “hat” on the top of the building greatly increased the difficulty of rescue.
During the rescue, the reporter of “Isometric” noticed that in the first two days, in order to prevent large machinery from dragging, moving or digging the reinforced concrete “hat” and hurting the trapped people who may still survive below, the rescue teams It can only be divided into several working surfaces, using life detectors and search and rescue dogs, as in earthquake rescue, using hydraulic machinery or electric hammers, carefully cut some rescue holes in the concrete floor, and then use shouting, instrument detection, Rescue dog detection and other methods determine whether to continue to cut the next floor pressed together, or expand the cut area of the rescue hole to start rescue.
The roof formed by cast-in-situ concrete on corrugated steel plates is the first obstacle to rescue. People can only rescue by opening some “skylights” by hand. Based on concrete thickness and area calculations, this roof weighs up to 250 tons. ♪
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
Because of prudence, this rescue method is progressing slowly. The detection and cutting of a rescue point or a rescue hole to further determine the orientation and rescue point, determine the rescue plan, rescue personnel to enter, how to rescue safely, etc., are very costly. Time. A group of 30-person rescue teams were able to cut a rescue hole of 2 meters square within 8 hours, and dispatched personnel to investigate and rescue under 2 to 3 floors, which was extremely exhausted.
Several rescuers who withdrew from the “Fire Line” said that this type of rescue can often only be carried out in a less destructive way, and the cut reinforced concrete can only be stood in a row by the rescue team. A piece of land, a barrel by barrel, spread out.
Until 21:00 on March 9th, the rescue entered the second stage. Using heavy machinery such as excavators, the relatively flat “hat” laid on the ground was cut away first and then manually tied on the waist. In the method of hoisting rope, the “cover plate” is cut into pieces of 2 to 6 meters square with an impact electric hammer, and then removed one by one and transported away. In addition, two excavators were started and a full excavation was started on the east side of the collapse site .
This excavation is a combination of heavy machinery and manual work. That is, while the excavator is cleaning up the site, a group of rescue team members are always paying attention to the digging surface and the cleaning surface to find possible trapped or killed people in time.
At 20:00 on March 11, 73 hours of rescue gold had passed, and only the last trapped person was not found. The high intensity was continuous for 24 hours Rescue finally paused. 12thAt 11 am, the rescue team found the body of the last victim.
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
1:20 am on March 10th, the reporter of “Isometric” photographed two excavators operating on the easternmost side of the collapse site and found a body of the victim. The rescue team immediately followed and packed the body of the victim. After entering the white body bag, hand-to-hand hand-to-hand stretcher, moved to a flat and open place, the rescue team formed a circle around the body, and silenced, then 4 to 5 people on each side, carried the stretcher on their shoulders, and carried the body to the relevant vehicle.
As of March 10, the rescue team began to line up six working surfaces in line with the collapse site, using heavy machinery in a comprehensive manner, operating simultaneously, with loud noise and fast cleaning.
At 20:00 on March 11, the 72 hours of Golden Rescue has passed. Rescue teams for several consecutive days have suspended their repairs, and all heavy machinery has stopped. As of 11 am on March 12, the rescue team found the body of the last victim.
The steel frame structure of the building itself is the second biggest obstacle in this rescue. It can only be cut manually by gas welding and then installed by a grab Into the slag truck to transport away.
Cheng Wei, a reporter from The Contour Line, photography
Subsequent projects will basically require heavy machinery and empty the collapsed ruins. However, as of the press release from March 12 to 14, after the rescue team was withdrawn, the relevant parties did not immediately clear or remove the remaining ruins, but surrounded them with a temporary separation wall, and sent guards around.
What’s wrong with steel?
According to information released by the relevant local authorities, the collapsed building was constructed in 2013, covering an area of about 5 acres and 7 main floors.Each floor is 1000 square meters and the height is 22 meters. It is a steel structure building. It was transformed into Xinjia Hotel in 2018 and opened in June of that year. The hotel has 66 rooms of various types. After the new crown pneumonia epidemic occurred, Xinjia Hotel was used as a centralized medical observation point for centralized medical observation of personnel from key epidemic areas or with related travel history.
The reporter of “Islamic Line” asked the local construction and management department about the building’s construction, renovation and approval procedures and related information, but did not respond.
The satellite map shows that the building is 50 meters long and 20 meters wide in the east-west direction. Behind the building, there is a 2-storey building with a “7” shape, and the horizontal length of the “7” is 100 meters. Between the building and the “7” -shaped building, the original 4 meter spacing was later added to the 2-storey building, connecting the “7” -shaped building with the main building of Xinjia Hotel.
Street view map and historical street view map show, (North Side) on the back side of the main building of Xinjia Hotel and the east and west sides are roughly 4 behind The walls of meters are not covered by glass curtain walls, but are covered by white tiles. The walls on the east and west sides and the front side (South side) are glass. Curtain wall.
Historical satellite maps show that in 2012, the foundation of the building was (Geosphere Beam) , the first two blocks on the southeast side The range is the largest, with east-west spans of about 18 meters, and the spans of the foundation crossing points of the other plots are mostly about 7 to 8 meters. The historical satellite map also shows that the west side of the building is (to the left of the building) , the main steel from the south to the north. There are 4 columns, each distance is about 7 meters.
Satellite image display, 2The bottom of the pillar is made of a simple triangular steel support. This support structure is not shown in the early pictures of the steel frame construction. It is suspected that it was added during the hotel’s modification. However, the reinforcement of the triangular base less than half a meter is only a small sum of money for the huge new load. . The left picture shows the excavator track for comparison. ^
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
In addition, due to the hotel’s conversion from the 3rd to the 6th floor of the building, the floor is also cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. Floor slabs. The thickness of each floor slab in a conventional building is 8 to 12 cm. At a median thickness of 10 cm, the newly added 4-story floor slab only weighs 1,000 tons.
Aerial pictures show that the seventh floor of the hotel is only about 2.5 meters high, but the floor of the seventh floor is still cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, adding another 250 tons of weight to the building.
Furthermore, the reporters of “Isometric” also confirmed from the on-site rescue personnel and during the 4-day on-site observation that the partition wall of the hotel room converted in the building was made of cement red brick By the way, there are about 18 rooms on each floor of the hotel. (Reporter’s Note: The 18 rooms are shown by aerial photographs. The official number of rooms in the hotel is 66.) , Not including linen rooms, workshops, etc.) , each floor requires at least 19 partition walls, deducting the partition wall of the corridor of 2 meters wide, the partition wall is 18 meters in length and 3 meters in height. Each red brick is 11.5 cm wide. Calculate 1 cm on both sides with cement mortar. Based on the calculation of 13.5 cm, there are about 692.55 cubic meters of red brick. (not calculated) The cement between the bricks) , calculated at a density of 1.8 tons per cubic meter of red brick, the weight of these partition walls is 1247 tons.
A series of on-site photos show that Xinjia Hotel’s floor is made of reinforced concrete, and the partition wall is made of red brick and cement. It is simple to calculate that the hotels in the third to seventh floors of the building, The added weight is more than 3,000 tons.
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
The results of this calculation have not yet taken into account the four retaining walls on the north and south sides of these four floors.
This means that even if the hotel ’s bathroom, other decoration, furniture, appliances, water and electricity networks are not counted, the first round of retrofitting of Xinjia Hotel will add more than 3,000 tons.
According to some media estimates, the added weight of the hotel is about 300 tons.
The steel structure of Xinjia Hotel is the first one is the use of H-shaped steel with extremely poor lateral and torsional resistance, and the second is the lack of a stable triangle. The structure, the third is the connection between the steel structures, only the connection method of drilling and screwing is used, without using triangular angle steel or reinforcement, but a large amount of load is installed inside, and eventually collapse. ^
“Contour Line” reporter Cheng Wei Photography
Deng Weiming said that buildings with this type of H-shaped steel usually do not exceed 3 floors at most. The collapsed building actually used H-shaped steel to build 7 floors, and built a hotel because all of the built-in hotels The walls are built on steel structures, so in fact all walls are not involved in the load bearing of less than 3 floors, and they are all loads, which is very rare.
2 modifications
At 18:00 on March 11th, the Quanzhou City Fujian Province Emergency Rescue Work Leading Group held a press conference on the rescue and disposal of the collapse of the Xinjia Hotel in Licheng District and reported the incident.Therefore, the preliminary investigation. According to the preliminary investigation, Xinjia Hotel does have serious problems in construction, renovation, and approval.
Hong Ziqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Quanzhou Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor, said at the conference that after initial investigation, Xinjia Hotel did have serious problems in construction, renovation, and approval.
However, the local authorities “throw” the right to publish this information to the superior investigation team.
Hong Ziqiang said: “We have collected and solidified relevant evidence. We have taken compulsory measures against relevant responsible personnel and adopted necessary property preservation measures. We will submit all preliminary investigations to the superior investigation team.” / p>
He said that during the investigation, every link of hotel construction, renovation, operation, supervision, or recommendation for centralized isolation of health observation points will not be missed, and the units involved in violation of laws and regulations and defaults will be ignored. Individuals, including public officials, will never tolerate or let go.
However, the authority for investigation and handling of this accident soon broke away from the level of Quanzhou City and was received by the accident investigation team established by the State Council.
On March 12th, Pei Wentian, director of the Department of Safety and Basic Affairs of the Emergency Management Department, responded to the media: “The preliminary investigation shows that this is a safety accident. This hotel has been illegally constructed, and has been repeatedly rebuilt in violation of regulations, exposing local concerns. On the other hand, the responsibility for production safety supervision has not been implemented, which has long-term caused loopholes and blind spots in hidden safety risks.
Pei Wentian said that in accordance with the relevant regulations on production safety accident reporting and investigation and handling regulations, the State Council decided to set up the “3 · 7” collapse accident investigation team of Xinjia Hotel in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and carried out accident investigation to quickly identify the cause. The relevant responsibilities of the person responsible for the accident shall be investigated in strict accordance with the law and regulations, including legal liabilities.
At 23:00 on March 10th, five workers wearing blue helmets entered the rescue site and used steel tape and vernier calipers to measure the front side of Xinjia Hotel The basic parameters of the 7 H-shaped steel pillars. Professionals with many years of experience in steel construction say