This article is the content of the executive master of “Management Vision” Ya Ting Dialogue with Peking University professor Dai Jinhua, reproduced from the WeChat public account “Fudan Guanyuan” (ID: fudanguanyuan), the original title is “ Dialogue with Professor Dai Jinhua: History and People ’s Memories-Experience the” epidemic “and” house survival “ 》, Head picture: IC photo.
History and the memory of the people-experience “epidemic” and “house survival”
Cheng Yating: In the past month, most people have started to squat at home. In the face of the epidemic, everyone will have a huge amount of information flowing in every day. We got the so-called “presence”, and through WeChat friend circles, public accounts, and various reports, we felt that we might be experienced persons of this period of history. I want to ask you, how do we learn to distinguish and think in the so-called “personal experience”?
Dai Jinhua: This question is very difficult to answer. It seems that I have never had such a time in my life. I barely went out in two months. It was a very weird experience for me. Of course, this grotesque experience can itself be called “personal experience”. However, if you say that this epidemic has swept the country and is now spreading around the world, I have not actually experienced it. The people who really experience it are those who are sick, those medical workers who are on the front line, and those who ca n’t hide at home, they are worthy of the concept of “personal experience”
In the face of this level of crisis, ignorance and passiveness can cause a sense of helplessness. However, another kind of ignorance is due to excessive information, and contradictory information can not be verified from each other. At this time we will have another kind of daze, another kind of confusion. Sometimes, new media and the Internet have greatly helped our horizons and expanded the possibility of our independent learning. But from another point of view, we are no more than people in the old age encountered this kind of incidentMore confident.
At this time, in the face of information explosion, when faced with massive information that is difficult to decompose and difficult to judge, we may rely on our accumulated judgment ability in the years of life and learning, and sometimes also rely on the formation of our personality Some basic things.
I have always said that being a person should maintain the ability to be angry, but how can I keep myself from being controlled by anger? In what sense can you maintain a rational attitude at this time? Use this attitude to distinguish and choose what you want to do, what you can do, and what you should do.
For those of us who are safely at home, the so-called “personal experience” may mean that you have increased your ability to think, increased your ability to reflect, and suddenly have something that you are accustomed to. This kind of unfamiliar care.
After this incident, I think of when SARS broke out in 2003. At that time I was still young, and I was very brave. This time, not only my age, the whole society and China and the world have changed a lot. But I also thought to myself that after SARS disappeared, I never thought about it again. Our society, under such a virus attack, may be forced into shock. I used to think that our prosperous urban survival, convenient urban survival, and the feeling of no distance from the world. On the weekend, I can go and go, or I can stay at home on my own and enjoy solitude. In the end you found that maybe you were actually home at this time, but it was because you had no choice. The world is suddenly so far away that you ca n’t get anywhere. You may not even be able to go back to your wife, children, husband, or children because you visited your parents. Everything about you is shattered. At this time we should think about our way of life, the value of our civilization, and the vulnerability of our civilization.
The saddest sentence I have ever read: The only thing we have learned in history is that we have learned nothing in history. But I really think that when we keep repeating this sentence, maybe we start to learn something.
Cheng Yating: When I talked about personal experience just now, Fang Fang in Wuhan is widely spread this time. The Fang Fang ’s diary, which is updated every day, has caused great concern and controversy on the Internet. Many people think that she is concerned with more personal things, and does not represent the entire big event. But perhaps more people respect her recording and writing from a personal perspective. I do n’t know what you think of such a documentary and record-keeping method?
Dai Jinhua: I respect this approach very muchOf course, it must be stated that Fang Fang is my friend, and I know her very well. I think Fang Fang really is a personality. She has a strong sense of justice. In a sense, this is very similar to both of us. She belongs to the kind of people who will be said to be not mature enough, and her life is not perfect. So her actions and her writing are all in my knowledge of her. I respect her work very much, and I can understand why her writing is so widely read. I guess it exceeds any of her novels. . So Fang Fang represents a voice. If everyone tells us the stories they have experienced sincerely and truly, it should be meaningful to share.
Cheng Yating: What do you think of her causing such a big controversy? Perhaps this was unexpected by Fang Fang himself.
Dai Jinhua: Fang Fang ’s sense of justice, or the state of people in Fang Fang ’s temperament, makes people expect that Fang Fang will become a kind of social spokesperson. Then everyone ignored it. At this time, Fang Fang is like you and me. She is also in such a world. She is also facing us like us, for example, I have done it, and grabbed rice noodles, oil and salt My stupid thing, I also suddenly found that one day when all the online shopping could not buy vegetables, my kind of panic. This is one aspect, we expect what she expresses, and what she expresses, or what she can only express.
Another way, it may not be objective to say that, but I strongly feel that our network culture, standing in the shortest time for anything, and forming black and white right and wrong in the shortest time camp. Then we fought for the sake of fighting, and did not hesitate to use words or gestures to overwhelm the other party. Some discussions are meaningful, but in many cases it has become a kind of pink-black war, such as the Ting Fang Fang or the Black Fang. Once this kind of pink-black war broke out, the real problem was overwhelmed.
Just now we said what we have learned in history. I think there is no precedent for the entire world today, and China today, for everything we have experienced. The world has become so fluid that globalization has become a fact of everyday life. In the past few days, I have observed that all new cases in Beijing are imported, from Italy, from Iran, and from South Korea.
Every one of us is facing a new reality, and the original premises discussed in every question have actually been changed. I especially hope that we can ask questions and sincerely say that I have no answers. I do n’t know the answer, but I am really puzzled by this question, let ’s try it togetherAnswer this question instead of quickly making value judgments and quickly demanding a black-and-white conclusion.
Cheng Yating: You just mentioned home life just now, and this time is particularly legal now. You have also expressed before that digital technology has changed the way people connect, and now looking at the survival of the house, will it give you some new inspiration?
Dai Jinhua: I just said that I do n’t think we are living in a house now, we are self-prison, self-prison, or we are imprisoned. The survival of the house itself is quite complicated. On the one hand, we will think that the otaku house is not a good word. It seems to have a negative meaning. It is some people who are not socialized or successful enough.
On the other side, Zhai seems to be taken for granted as a positive expression of future survival, at least with a certain fashion. The word otaku and otaku came from Japanese to Chinese before they came out.
In Japan, it is the so-called otaku, as a historic and specific signifier concept. In the Chinese world, we replaced the otaku family with two-dimensional elements. Instead, we took out the otaku character and created a series of words and a series of imaginations.
The house survives in the context of Chinese, and we also give independence and survive alone. I have been following and thinking about this issue for quite some time. If the house survival is one of the choices of various survival styles, everyone has the right to choose it, and its existence is understandable.
What I want to remind is that in every house we seem to be autonomous and independent. However, two things have not changed, one is that human beings are a social existence. Another is that the higher the degree of survival of our house, the higher our dependence on the operation of society’s overall machinery.
I have a reluctance to admit that the external machines we lived and lived during the epidemic have been running comfortably.
One night I found that all the websites could n’t buy vegetables and meat, I panicked, and then I spit on the Internet. The next day I received five couriers of vegetables, all from my students and friends. After staying at home for a long time, I finally decided to go to the supermarket. The abundance of supermarkets, every shelf full of dangling, stunned me. I said this particular touch at this time because I knew how many people were on the road and how many people were working and producing when I was hiding. Pork so beautifully packaged, who kills,Who is decomposing, who is transporting. In general, when I think about the survival of a house, I will find that we can live in a house and rely entirely on the smooth operation of the Internet of Things and the Internet.
Cheng Yating: This time is a particularly good opportunity for after 00 and after 10. Before, they would think that the world is a world of complete abundance. They can travel all over the world. They have enjoyed the best material life in China for so many years. One of the more interesting observations is that the courier brother lived as our “prisoner” and the presence of the chain at the door of the house gave the post-00s and post-10s a particularly deep feeling. In the past, for them, the courier brother was the existence of a hidden person, but the current opportunity gives them different feelings about social reality, a rich life, and the support between people.
Dai Jinhua: I saw a description in Ken Rocky ’s movie “Bread and Roses”, he said that modern society has a “work clothes principle”, that is, once you put it on When the uniform is uniformly worn, this person becomes invisible. When we enter a building, we do n’t look at those who wear work clothes. They are part of this building, not part of the people who are active in this building. Courier brother is a mobile delivery van. When you say that after 00 and after 10 you will really feel them, we don’t experience this disaster in vain.
History and People ’s Memory-“Online”: Sharing of Imagination
Cheng Yating: Everyone stays at home and relies heavily on online life, whether they are working online, studying online, listening to lectures online, jumping online, or singing online. I have also seen film critics launching cloud watching videos online and so on. Because you cannot go to Hong Kong to teach, you also teach online at home through the Internet. How do you feel about being “online”?
Dai Jinhua: I have been afraid of this moment, but it has finally arrived. Sometimes, of course, I also like this convenient method very much. Through remote video, we can finally talk to our loved ones and discuss issues with our friends.
Over the past ten years, I have made a particularly big change and will do all I can to accept all public speeches. The reason is that I have been worried that one day, we will not have the opportunity to gather together face to face, face to face, body to body. This is a particularly valuable experience in human society. Not only do you speak to students, or students ask questions to youThe most important thing is the communication of temperature and expression, the relative of eyes or the communication between eyes, which is a very beautiful experience in human society.
When people get together, those unpredictable and often unpleasant experiences form an integral part of the survival of our society. When people come together, you have the possibility of encountering people, heterogeneous people, and heterogeneous lives that are different from you. And across the screen, across the network, it is completely irreplaceable. This is one aspect.
On the other hand, I think the network has already provided the possibility of independent learning in the sense of hardware. A good teacher should be the author of the question. The so-called questions are those questions that have not yet been answered and puzzle us. I haven’t worked in cloud office, I don’t know what’s wrong with cloud office. When teaching online, it’s not about the quality, but the “sharing” of its imagination and the “separation” in the actual sense. It is a shared illusion in itself, which reinforces the fact that we are isolated and separated from each other.
From another perspective, in the simplest sense of knowledge dissemination, when everything is unfolding in the sense of autonomous learning, some inherent gaps will be further enlarged. We can almost find most of the knowledge, materials and materials we need on the Internet. The Internet can already help us solve most of the problems. But you will find that the network is a black box, and the knowledge in the network only belongs to those who have acquired and possessed enough knowledge. You must have keywords. You must find the right keywords. You must combine the keywords to summon knowledge from the Internet Black Sea or the black box of the database. To put it bluntly, knowledge is there, treasure troves are there, and only those who know it can share and obtain it. And this kind of learning is not equal in itself.
The Internet has always provided a possibility that makes us particularly optimistic and particularly real. But on the practical level, they often run counter to each other. We say it is a space of true knowledge democracy, but how can we truly enjoy and practice this kind of knowledge democracy? It provides a shared space where different people can meet, a space where our thoughts can collide, but the fact is that we are holding together to warm up, we are fighting in the dark, we do n’t want to hear different things that make us unhappy s things. This is a series of issues related to the issue we just discussed.
Cheng Yating: This opportunity is an experimental field. (Out of) commercial considerations, or practical considerations, everyone is particularly hungry or greedy, and constantly wants to expand to see what we can do online. After this time, the concept of “online” may become clearer.At the same time, we will cherish some things that must be done offline.
Dai Jinhua: You just mentioned a key point, this round of new technology revolution. A very big problem is that the vast majority of processes are dominated by capital. The duty of capital is to maximize profits. You can’t ask capital to consider social responsibility and social ethics. There should be other social functions to balance it, talk to it, and check and balance it. In 2011 Kodak Films applied for bankruptcy protection, and in 2012 film talents came out to fight, saying that the capital buried the film alive. The film is good, the artistic potential of the film is far from being exhausted, why should we replace it with a digital that can not reach the level of film in many senses? In fact, everyone knows that this is a huge capital pool appear. This is a huge and comprehensive industry call for the profit of the replacement of the generation. In this sense, you ask that capital not bury the film alive, you are so cute! Because the nature of capital is to pursue profit, and it is to pursue profit maximization, which is its internal logic. What about social politics? What about social culture? Where are these forces? How do they think about it? I think that is the problem. As in this report, many children in poor areas do not have smartphones, and there is no computer in a family. At this time, it will increase the inequality of social differentiation. How can the practically unlimited possibilities offered by the Internet itself be truly practiced? In a process of mutual game, mutual check and balance, and mutual negotiation, how do the forces and factors of society in various aspects really bring out the potential of the Internet? If we can have such a good environment, I think there will be a different conscious development process online and offline.
Cheng Yating: Our next question is also related to your recent online course, called “History and People’s Memory”, trying to pass some small stories and small people in the big history , Touch and restore the memory of the people, and seek the possibility of returning to the historical moment of the twentieth century. How to effectively think and question our own times and reality through movies?
Dai Jinhua: I have been trying a method for more than a decade, that is, watching a movie, and walking through the movie, or opening the movie. As of today, as an independent art, film is still a very important window, the most abundant window that opens to all levels and directions of society. The richness of its information about the world even surpasses that of new media and even TV. As of today, its expression is still particularly rich: mainstream, non-mainstream, anti-mainstream, top, middle, and bottom groups. You can even see what they look like, their lives, their stories in the movie, even those that fall from the bottom. Of course the premise is thatYou are not locked by any established selection path. If you only watch cinema movies, all you see is mainstream. Or if you only watch the film at the festival, then what you see is another mainstream. If you really have enough vision, with the help of the Internet, to watch enough good movies, you will have a very different knowledge of today’s world. No matter if you are consciously or unconsciously, you will find that the stories told by the movie itself, and the crowds shown to you by the movie, will impact and form a dialogue with the common sense that you no longer reflect on, so you stop and think about it, really Is that right? Is this kind of thing I believe really everything?
Movies are my favorite, and movies are also my job. I still firmly believe that each of us, you are not born to understand movies, movies need to learn, of course, you can learn by watching enough good movies repeatedly. We want to enter the movie in such an artistic way, but is it possible for us to open it? Questioning caused by it, thinking caused by it, the moment of tears caused by it, or the warm and painful moment in my heart? In this semester, I particularly emphasized “the memory of the twentieth century and the people”. In response to such a proposition, in some films at the turn of the twentieth century and the twenty-first century, it is hoped that they can jointly form an emotional impact, or thinking caused by emotion. The twentieth century has indeed left us with huge historical debts, and the twentieth century has left us with a precious spiritual legacy. So, what are those spiritual heritages? What kind of value has it created? What visions have these different values opened? What kind of emotions have those values and visions summoned? What kind of people did they create? The Structure of Feelings, which the Institute of Culture says, has become increasingly important in recent years. When generations of us can no longer share the same perception structure, the “generation gap” really exists. My pain is how fast you are, and my love is what you give up. At this time, it will be difficult for us to talk and communicate. The structure of perception determines many important things and also determines our daily life. How do we feel, how do we recognize, what are we touched by.
History and People ’s Memory——Why “Parasite” stands out in this era
Cheng Yating: Talking about the Chinese film industry, this year ’s Oscar “Parasite” award, everyone will discuss the achievements of Korean films. Can the development path of Korean film become a reference path for Chinese film? What kind of influence will the Chinese film’s rising trend in recent years have on the entire global film?
Dai Jinhua: The rise of Chinese film against the trend was once a strong stimulus for the global film industry. “Wolf Warrior 2” reached a box office revenue of more than 500 million yuan, and our box office potential is imaginable. The rise of Chinese films against the trend is also reflected in a huge hardware foundation. One of the declines of the entire American film industry is that no one is willing to invest in the transformation of cinemas from film cinemas to digital cinemas. The advantage of our latecomer is that it is all digital cinema. On the basis of hardware, we have reached such a huge hardware network covering the whole country to the grassroots administrative villages.
On the basis of such a large hardware, we are now faced with movies that are not enough to feed the theater. The Chinese film has been produced in 1994 when I wrote “Ice Sea Shipwreck”. The annual output is 75 or 78, and now it is an industrial scale of 8 or 900. It gives the world a great encouragement and hope. During these years of international travel, I will encounter a variety of people, from big producers to art directors, who would like to talk to me, and then say if there is any opportunity to shoot in China, I am sorry , You have found the wrong person. Because my connection with the industry is really weak. But you can know that it evokes hope and enthusiasm.
The other is the parasitic shock wave brought by “Parasites”. If my impression is correct, probably no film in the history of world cinema has won Cannes, Oscar Best Film and Oscar Foreign Language Film at the same time. These three awards, falling on top of a film at the same time, are all too peculiar! And to analyze each award, it is peculiar. For Cannes, it is too commercial, it is too routine. For Oscar, it is a foreign language film, it is too bitter, it is too oriental.
Probably our Chinese filmmakers pay special attention to how a Korean film wins such an award first, what can we learn from? On the one hand, I find it difficult to draw on. The Korean slam that came to today’s Korean film, represented by Feng Junhao, has a very unique journey. The take-off of Korean movies is not the same as that of other non-Western countries. Films in other countries took off through the new wave, pioneer art films, and international film festivals. In other words, they are separated from the local film industry and film tradition, relatively internalizing the art and aesthetic standards of the European International Film Festival, and then completing the process of accepting the film of a non-Western country by the Western world. The Korean film industry was based on the local community from the beginning. Like the whole world, when the local film industry suffered a general crisis, through the tenacious struggle of filmmakers, the government was forced to issue a protection policy. Everyone won this right, and they made all efforts to make films for local movies. Another factor is that the take-off of Korean movies has actually taken the international free ride of Hallyu, and Hallyu has risen entirely in the sense of the consumer culture of East Asian context and popular culture and youth culture. Korean MovieIt is the second non-repeatable factor that takes the world ’s attention to the export of Korean cultural products. The third is unrepeatable. In Asia, if my vision is correct, South Korea is probably the only country in Asia. Their democratization process has always maintained a strong social criticism. And this vein of social criticism is at the same time a reflection of modernization, or capitalist criticism.
This kind of thing gives them different vitality and gives them a different expression. My personal judgment is that the success of “Parasitic” at this year’s Oscar is Hollywood’s medicine. Hollywood throws everything that is unacceptable in their traditions and their intrinsic value through this movie. This is a manifestation of the Hollywood film industry’s activation of stress mechanisms. Why can Feng Junhao stand out in this historical moment? Because his works can be very typed and very commercial, he has long been involved in those types of Hollywood patents. But he has always maintained a vein of modern reflection that is absolutely absent from Hollywood movies, left-wing, and critical of capitalism. Only in this way can he become a very different expression from Hollywood’s narrative.
Cheng Yating: China ’s path is actually very difficult to learn from South Korea. I feel like big companies like China. They are very eager to go to the world to share the benefits of this film industry, so they will go to Hollywood. It is something that Chinese capital is doing.
Dai Jinhua: The growth rate of the Chinese film industry and the growth rate of the Chinese movie audience have exceeded my expectations. But the state you just mentioned is the same as when we discussed other issues just now. It is a capital operation, a choice made by capital to share the Hollywood cake and the global monopoly of Hollywood. In fact, it really has nothing to do with the movie itself. If you really want to talk about a movie, it must be more than capital, not just industry and technology. It must be cultural, it must be value, it must be the commonality in the difference, or the difference under the commonality.
I do n’t particularly like the expression that this movie targets a foreign movie. Each film must first find a European and American film as a commercial reference for cultural narrative. For movies, there is really no goal ahead of China today for China to follow. (Reference) China’s population base, China’s modernization path, China’s political ecology and cultural reality today, it has no precedents and no examples to learn from for you to follow and repeat. Whether you are willing or not, you must see the tricks, and respond and create every moment. For Chinese movies, Korean movies have inspiration in this sense. The inspiration is that HanAfter the national film has stabilized in the local market, South Korean filmmakers took the initiative to give up share protection. I can fight with you in the market. Come on! When they finished this step, they soon began to have international appeals and began to make Hollywood type movies. Everyone is particularly touched recently. For example, such a disaster film as “Fatal Flu”, such as “Sniping Phone Booth”, is in such a live broadcast room, making a thriller story and an action film format so beautiful. From the beginning, his appeal went to Hollywood. It can’t be said that he is a male and female. At least I dare to challenge you. I dare to compete in your field. This is what Chinese filmmakers can learn.
Cheng Yating: Over the years, we have increasingly provided some humanities courses for students, hoping to be able to integrate them, and business school students can have more humanities and humanities. What advice do you have in this regard?
Dai Jinhua: I will always quote a word, one of which comes from a very popular book called “Count of Monte Cristo”. I read this book when I was very young, and there were words that affected my life. It says that reading fifty selected humanities works is enough to enrich your life. Once this kind of thing is obtained, it can no longer be deprived. You read it in, and you take it with you.
Another sentence, when I first went to college, a writer with social influence was Xu Chi. He wanted to come up with a slogan called “Expo Group Books without much understanding.” I have benefited from these two sentences in this life, and have a deeper and deeper experience. I do n’t know how much practical value they have in reading, whether they can become a kind of humanities education or social talk. The most important thing is that it gives you an inner richness. As of today, I spend a lot of time reading. It may appear in the form of e-books, but it is accumulated over time, it is decided by some of our own choices to believe. For example, I will always follow the Booker Prize, because it is a literary fun that I recognize, and the works won by the Booker Prize are usually very beautiful. It has readability, it has beautiful words, it has insight into society. After reading, you have forgotten the specific plot in the novel and forgotten some characters. But such an atmosphere, a tone, a tendency of emotion and value will enrich your life and enrich your life.
We have entered a new era of generalists. Whether a person has a rich and open perception structure, I am afraid that it also largely determines his success in life. I have no specific suggestions because I do n’t think there is a general list of books. The truly versatile and universal list of books is very boring. Everyone finds their own book list, and everyone enjoys reading and thinking again, which is the most basic thing in humanities. I read a story and read the kind between the linesUnique insight and recognition. I watched a movie, and the image would linger long after the screen went black. Speaking of it is a particularly simple word, that is, really learn to appreciate, the moment of non-utility, the moment of self-pleasure and self-fulfillment.