SpaceX dragon spacecraft was successfully launched. People’s visual map

At 15:22 on May 30, Eastern Time, the Falcon 9 rocket was carried by NASA astronaut Bob Benken (Bob Behnken) and Doug Hurley (Doug Hurley) manned dragon spacecraft fired from the 39A launch pad of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. After 12 minutes, the spacecraft successfully entered low-Earth orbit, heading towards the International Space Station.

The first commercial human spaceflight launch was successful. SpaceX Manned Dragon spacecraft became the fifth model after the US Mercury spacecraft, Gemini spacecraft, Apollo spacecraft and space shuttle. American manned space transportation.

Huang Zhicheng, an aerodynamicist and aerospace technology expert, told Peng Mei News (www.thepaper.cn) that the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft ’s first successful manned test flight is a US commercial aerospace policy Success. NASA also contributes money, but compared with the previous “contractor” for companies that were previously contractors, NASA is now opening a risk-sharing model, and the company’s money is not enough for companies to pay for themselves.

Regarding the gap between China ’s private space and SpaceX, Huang Zhicheng said that China ’s private space has a bright future, but the road is very long. The development of private space in a short period depends on national policies.

Pang Zhihao, chief scientific communication expert of national space exploration technology, told Peng Mei News (www.thepaper.cn) that private companies have many advantages. In addition to high management efficiency, they dare to use Advanced technology, not afraid of failure. “The government should give a relaxed environment and iteratively introduce relevant regulations, allow the flow of technical talents, encourage the combination of power and strength, and make it bigger and stronger.”


NASA also contributes money, and the money is not enough for enterprises to pay for themselves

The successful first commercial manned space flight of mankind not only means that the United States restarts manned The pivotal launch of aerospace is also the beginning of a new era of commercial manned spaceflight.

Since the retirement of the US Space Shuttle in 2001, all US tools for transporting astronauts to and from the space station “relied on” Russian spacecraft. However, the fare of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft has risen, and a “ship ticket” has risen to about 86 million US dollars.

To change this unique situation, NASA strongly supports the development of commercial manned spaceflight. In 2014, Boeing and SpaceX won large contracts of US $ 4.2 billion and US $ 2.6 billion from NASA, respectively, for the construction of the “Starliner” manned spacecraft and manned dragon spacecraft.

In commercial aerospace, Musk ’s SpaceX has sprung up. Pang Zhihao, chief scientific communication expert of national space exploration technology, told Peng Mei News (www.thepaper.cn) that there are many commercial aerospace companies in the United States, but the management efficiency of giant companies Boeing is worse than SpaceX. Although the blue origin of Amazon CEO Bezos is funded Adequate, but progress is slow.

“This success was completed by a startup, not Boeing. SpaceX is much cheaper than Boeing ’s development.” Aerospace technology expert Huang Zhicheng told the Surging News (www.thepaper.cn) that the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft’s first successful manned test flight was the success of the US commercial aerospace policy, and NASA’s strong support for SpaceX includes funding and technology.

In the past, the United States also had many traditional commercial aerospace companies, such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. “They are all NASA contractors, and they are protected from droughts and floods. How much does it cost to develop a space shuttle, and NASA will not give him more money.”

And this time, NASA opened the risk Shared model: NASA contributes money, and commercial enterprises have problems. NASA provides technical support, but the company has to pay for it if it is not enough.


Trump and Pence are watching the launch.

SpaceX manned dragon spacecraft got ahead first, Boeing ’s “Interstellar airliner” was a half-slow shot, one unmanned test flight was not in orbit. For the test flight, USD 410 million is reserved for this.

Pang Zhihao previously said that the official contracting and launching contractor model of the US commercial manned space program will save NASA about US $ 20-30 billion.

The development of the manned dragon spacecraft is a complex system engineering. In order to achieve the goals of high safety, low cost and easy operation, the overall scheme of system engineering must be innovative. However, these three objectives are difficult to balance, and must be properly weighed.

A report published by NASA last year showed that the “Starliner” fare is US $ 90 million per seat, while the Dragon spacecraft is US $ 55 million, far lower than the Russian Federation No. ticket quote.

Huang Zhicheng also mentioned that this is the result of SpaceX ’s trade-offs, but the launch of the Manned Dragon spacecraft is very sensitive to the meteorological environmental factors, and there is still room for further improvement.


Two astronauts


China ’s private space has a bright future and a long road

SpaceX ’s manned test flight debuted successfully. How far is China ’s private space from SpaceX? How to catch up?

“The gap between China and SpaceX is getting bigger and bigger. China’s private space companies are in the initial stage, with relatively little investment and lack of bold innovation.” Huang Zhicheng believes that China The future of private space is bright, but the road is very long, and the development of private space in a short period depends on national policies.

On April 20, the National Development and Reform Commission for the first time clarified the scope of the “new infrastructure” concept, satellite Internet was included, and it was listed as an information infrastructure along with 5G, Internet of Things, and Industrial Internet . “Incorporating satellite Internet into the new infrastructure, this large project is dominated by state-owned enterprises, and private aerospace companies do ground terminal equipment, supplementary network launch, etc.” Huang Zhicheng said.

Pang Zhihao believes that private companies have many advantages. In addition to high management efficiency, they dare to use advanced technology and are not afraid of failure. Therefore, private companies should be encouraged to allow failure. “The government should give a relaxed environment and continuously iterate and promulgate relevant regulations to allow the flow of technical talents, encourage strong alliances, and become bigger and stronger.”

China ’s space development is currently state-owned Aerospace companies are the main force. Huang Zhicheng said that the biggest role of SpaceX’s success in China is to promote the reform of state-owned space companies, including the business model and management system over the years.

Scientific activities are centered on discovery, technological activities are centered on invention, and engineering activities are centered on construction. “Technical innovation, especially engineering innovation, the key is the innovation of management system and innovation of talent training mechanism.”

Huang Zhicheng said that SpaceX has been seeking a balance between these two aspects. The main technical backbone of SpaceX comes from traditional aerospace companies and information technology companies in Silicon Valley, as well as from NASA. In order to keep the team innovative, SpaceX has been trying to streamline the organizational structure, omit more specifications, and eliminate unnecessary process management.

There is no general division of departments within the company. Employees in all fields can equally participate in technical seminars, design and development work. Engineers in rocket propulsion, materials, structure, system integration, etc. are all concentrated in one office, so the problems they encounter in their work can be solved face to face at any time.

” Facts have proved that the flattening of management not only stimulates the innovation enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel, guarantees the efficiency of the entire R & D work team, but also greatly saves management costs. “Huang Zhicheng said.