The attention and welcome of the “ground stall” has been unprecedentedly warm.
The “land-sharing economy” is not so popular for the first time
Actually, The so-called “land stalls” are not necessarily directly “paved” on the ground. More precisely, they should be “stall stalls”. The so-called “stall” is mainly relative to the “shop”. However, some “shops” are actually spread out. Therefore, what we are discussing can be said to be basically some individual business “small households” or “retail households”.
After the reform and opening up, around the 1980s, “self-employed” appeared, and more and more “students”. This is the need for national economic and social development, and requires three levels.
First, it is the need for economic development. Before reform and opening up, the economy was on the verge of collapse. How can the economy be invigorated by the spring breeze of reform? We must give play to everyone’s enthusiasm. At that time, it was already known that urban individual industrial and commercial households were the main component of urban non-agricultural individual economy. Encouraging a variety of ownership economy and encouraging individual economy is the need of national economic development. Supporting urban individual industrial and commercial households to directly increase their fiscal revenues played an important role in supporting the construction of the “Four Modernizations” at that time. According to statistical calculations in the first three quarters of 1981, the annual self-employment turnover was about 1.7 billion yuan. In this way, if all are calculated at the commercial tax rate of 3%, with only one business tax, the country can earn about 5.1 million yuan a year. According to a typical survey of 1,810 people in Tianjin, the annual turnover in 1981 exceeded 3 million yuan, and taxes of 93,000 yuan were paid from January to November.
Second, it is the need for market activation. The composition of the market is both supply and demand. During the planned economy period, the demand side was crushed to death, and the supply side was “not dead”, and the entire market was like a pool of stagnant water. Market opening is one of the keys to reform and opening up. The urban individual industry and commerce played a very active role in it. It has made up for the shortage of state-owned and collective business outlets, played a role of “picking up deficiencies”, and provided convenience for the people’s lives. Taking Beijing as an example, from the end of the 1950s, the number of repair service outlets gradually decreased. Dongcheng District, with a population of more than 600,000, was only in 1978.There are 14 state-owned and collective shoe repair shops, 36 service and processing outlets, and 30 bicycle repair outlets. In 1982, 103 individual shoe repair households, 145 sewing and cutting households, and 38 vehicle repair households have been developed in this district, which greatly facilitates the lives of the masses.
Employment, employment, or employment!
At the same time, or at all times, the need for employment is also extremely important.
In the early stage of reform and opening up, facing a large number of intellectual young people returning to the countryside, how to solve their employment problems? In front of the times.
Of course, other urban youths, including some suburban or rural labor forces, may also have the similarity of “finding jobs” and “feeding themselves and their families” problem. New achievements have been made in the development of commerce, catering, repair and service industries.
The development of urban individual economy has played a significant role in employment.
In late April 1981, the central government decided to conduct a pilot project to develop business services in Beijing. Beijing attaches great importance to it. After efforts, from May to June, 668 new collective outlets were added. From May to July, 1,192 new self-employed individuals were added, 34 new morning and evening markets were opened, and more than 540 vehicles were sold. In just two months, 13,544 young people with jobless knowledge were placed.
The number of urban individual industrial and commercial households has risen steadily. The first quarter of 1981 was about 8% higher than the end of 1980, the second quarter was 17.5% higher than the first quarter, the third quarter was 11% higher than the second quarter, and the fourth quarter was 10% higher than the third. Statistics in 1982 show that the number of urban individual industrial and commercial households at that time was already close to that of 1965. Among them, the proportion of unemployed youth gradually increased. According to statistics, at the end of September 1980, unemployed youth accounted for about 9.2% of the total number of self-employed persons, and by the end of 1981 it accounted for 23%.
In 1981, there were more than 700,000 licensed individual industrial and commercial households in cities and towns in China, and it is estimated that there are 200,000 to 300,000 undocumented individual households. The staff composition is mainly “social idlers”. But the proportion of “unemployed youth” gradually increased. According to statistics, at the end of September 1980, unemployed youth accounted for about 9.2% of the total number of self-employed persons, and by the end of 1981 it accounted for 23%.
In 1982, there were more than 230,000 young people in the country engaged in self-employment, which was equivalent to twice the number of young people employed in Beijing in those years.
Moreover, according to the survey, most industries run by self-employed households have good incomes. Their average monthly income is at least 50 yuan, generally between 10-20 yuan, and a few households have more income.
This shows that the development of urban individual economy has become an important channel for arranging employment.
Cognition, attention and support of the government
All this is inseparable from the recognition, attention and support of the central government and governments at all levels.
From a cognitive perspective, overall, the individual economy of towns has great potential, but because many cadres cannot keep up with the situation, some policies are not implemented, and management There are also some problems on the site, and progress is still slow.
Despite the steady increase, in 1981, the number of newly-employed workers accounted for only 0.6% of the individual workers. Compared with historical data, there were 8.98 million urban self-employed workers in 1953, accounting for 35.5% of the employed population at that time, 1.04 million in 1957, accounting for 3.2% of the employed population; in 1965, 1.71 million, accounting for the employed population 3.3%. Lower than any period in history.
In the early 1980s, a national employment conference was held to discuss employment issues. Since then, the urban individual economy has begun to recover and develop. The State Council issued the “State Council’s Several Policy Provisions on Urban Non-agricultural Individual Economy” to clear the waterway for the development of urban individual economy.
Every place is also trying to do some work.
Taking Beijing as an example, four refreshment food spots for collectives of the educated youths were opened in the Observatory Lounge of Tiananmen Square, where business was not possible. In the Summer Palace, Taoren Pavilion, Temple of Heaven and other seven parks have newly added 50 educated youth service points.
Besides, Beijing stated that it would relax its policies and promote self-employment. “Individuals” can be husband and wife shops or even home shops. Individuals can use one or two helpers and technology If you are strong or have special skills, you can