This article comes from the WeChat public account:Institute of Science (ID: kexuedayuan), author: Wang Xi, title figure from: vision China
A while ago, a search and rescue dog became popular on the Internet. originalHe went to see a doctor, but he went to the hospital irrespective of his discomfort and habitually searched for it. He even searched out the hibernating turtle.
As an excellent police dog, who hasn’t got any occupational diseases yet?
(Image source: Weibo)
In fact, in addition to search and rescue, an excellent police dog can also track, identify, hunt down, search for drugs, search explosions, patrol, guard, etc. Some “superpower” police dogs can also escort criminals and stop violence. Crime, and even forecast earthquakes.
Then the question arises, how did such a powerful police dog get made?
Want to wear a uniform, first pass the level of variety
Not all dogs are eligible to wear uniforms. In addition to rigorous training, before entering the “Police Dog Academy”, you also need to get the “admission” qualification, and this requires screening the dog’s intelligence, physical strength and endurance.
(Source: Veer Gallery)
In terms of body shape, traditional police dogs are mostly large dogs because of their strong stature, good physical fitness, and strong weight bearing.
German Shepherd Dog (Image source: pixabay)
German Shepherd Dog is the most common breed of police dog, native to Germany, with a tall body, a powerful appearance, and excellent working ability. It was first cultivated by the German Army as a military dog and later changed to police.
Labrador Retriever (Source: pixabay)
Labrador dogs are also common. The dog has a gentle personality, a high IQ, and is kind to people. It is suitable for blind and search and rescue work.
Rottweiler (Source: pixabay)
Rottweiler aggressive personalityStrong attack, but highly obedient to orders, is also a common breed of police dogs.
In addition, dog breeds such as the Scottish Police Dog, Great Dane, Bloodhound, Doberman and Malinois are also common.
With the progress of society, the work content of police dogs is becoming more and more complex and diverse. In the past, police dogs that only large dogs were able to serve were also joined by small dogs.
The Japanese Chihuahua, Xiaotao, weighs only 3 kilograms. In the “Search and Rescue Project” exam, it quickly found the helpers within 100 meters with the help of items left by the helpers. Because of his petite size, Xiaotao can enter a narrow space where large dogs cannot enter, becoming a good helper for police criminal investigation and search and rescue work.
Police Dog Xiaotao (Source: China Daily)
Coincidentally, a 5-year-old male Teddy dog Pocky officially served as a “special police dog” to assist search operations in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan in 2015. Although standing next to the tall and mighty police dogs, Pocky looked very exquisite and seemed weak. But body size is its advantage. Its nose can be closer to the ground, and it takes on the task of “scent recognition dog”.
Speaking of this, you may ask, Does China have its own police dog breed?
At this time, Kunming dog is coming.
Kunming dog was born in Kunming. It was the first breed dog of China’s own breed. It rewrote the history of China’s lack of stereotypes and ended the history of my country’s police dogs relying solely on imported breeds.
Kunming dog (Source: China Police Network)
From the beginning of breeding in 1955 based on the needs of military and social security, to breeding in 1988, to promotion in 2005 to all parts of the country and even abroad, at present, Kunming dogs have entered a stage of large-scale social development.
Kunming dogs have strong attachment, flexible alertness, agility, fierce biting, good obedience, easy training, and strong adaptability to plateau climate, severe cold environment and high temperature. At the same time, Kunming dogs have strong fertility, and the survival rate of weaning puppies can reach more than 80%.
Kunming dogs are capable of a variety of tasks. Border patrols, reconnaissance cases, drugs and explosives are not a problem, and they can also be used as guard dogs for units and individuals.
Want to become a police dog, you should “learn more” than you
After being admitted to school, dogs need to undergo a series of rigorous training and pass the examination before they can become police dogs.
If you want to excel, you have to work very hard. The training of police dogs is as strict as the training of people. Approximately 45 days after birth, the puppies just after weaning will begin training.
Dog-style primary school-adaptation training
The initial training is desensitization training. The police dog has a strong curiosity and sensitivity to the world, and always pays attention to strangers and things. This is sometimes not a good thing at work. The purpose of desensitization training is to improve the adaptability of police dogs to the environment, make them bolder, ignore disturbing sounds, and at the same time reduce their curiosity to actively explore their surroundings. To put it bluntly, it is to make them more solid. Training methods include constant interference with puppies eating.
Desensitization Training (Image source: pixabay)
This is just elementary training, which is equivalent to the elementary school stage of humans, which takes about 1 month.
The little police dogs are familiar with the trainers while completing the training, and they must also establish discipline. After all, their goal is to become an excellent socialist working dog.
Dog style junior high school-basic training
Next, the little police dog will begin basic training, the subject is mainly accepting orders and taking. During this period, the little police dog must be familiar with and remember the basic passwords, such as sitting, lying, standing, leaning, jumping, calling, accompanying, delaying, etc., even if you can’t do it, there will be at least a response. Attachment practice is a daily compulsory course. The instructor will take the pick to train the police dog’s desire to acquire the title. Sometimes, he will deliberately train beside strangers to exercise the courage of the police dog.
title (picture source: pixabay)
The study at this stage is equivalent to the junior high school education stage, which takes about 1 month.
Dog style high school-long-distance training
A three-month-old police dog is basically mature in physical strength and mentality, and can be treated as an adult dog, beginning to live a life of military management. At this stage, police dogs must be trained to adapt to more complex environmentsStress, but also to maintain their natural desire to take the title. Of course, the emphasis is on training police dogs to obey orders, especially the ability to obey orders from a distance, because police dogs must definitely be released to perform tasks and cannot always be by the trainer. The instructions to be learned include taking items from a distance, sending items to a distance, and turning back halfway.
Study at this stage is equivalent to high school, and it takes about 3 months.
Dog style university-divided professional training
After graduating from high school, the half-year-old police dog officially entered the college stage of specialization. According to the breed and specialty of each police dog, the trainer will train them in different categories. The police dogs mentioned in the beginning with different uses are actually outstanding graduates of different majors.
The university stage is the highlight of police dog training, which usually lasts for a year. The training of drug search, explosive search, blood stains, physical evidence, biting, tracing and other subjects are carried out separately according to majors, and the public classes are conventional cage training and military training, such as crossing the single-wood bridge, the herringbone wall and the rope bridge under the hot sun. This is to allow them to fully adapt to the harsh actual combat environment.
Physical Training (Image source: pixabay)
When the professional studies at the university level are completed, the police dog will usher in an exam that determines fate. Only trained dogs who have passed professional subjects and public class tests can truly become a police dog.
After graduating from “Police Dog Academy”, what jobs can police dogs find?
Police dog technology can be divided into three main directions: criminal investigation, security guard and search, which can basically meet the ever-changing social security needs. Specific uses include the following.
1. Tracking dogs. He is good at tracking and searching the criminal’s whereabouts according to the source of the criminal’s odor, until he finds the hiding criminal.
2. Patrol dog. The main job is to conduct patrols with the patrol police, and is good at prompting the patrol police to pay attention to potential dangers, and is the “leader” of security work.
3. Anti-drug dogs. It is suitable for searching and testing various drugs at airports and customs. They have a keen sense of smell, flexible movements, and exquisite figure. They are the best assistants to help drug arresters arrest drug smugglers and drug dealers.
The dog’s sense of smell is very sensitive (Source: pixabay)
4. Rescue the dog. It is good at searching and rescuing people who have not escaped in various natural disasters, which has brought great support to the civilian police rescue and civil protection work.
5. Protect the dog. Certain important figures are often the targets of criminal kidnapping and extortion, and their protection is an important part of maintaining social stability. The protection dog can assist the security personnel to take on the task of guarding against dangers before they happen.
Police dogs retire, can ordinary people take them home?
The police dog is about one and a half to two years old after training, which is exactly the age of Feng Hua Zhengmao. Like humans, after officially becoming a police dog, we must first carry out work internship. After serving, police dogs will also regularly return to the training base to participate in retraining to ensure good condition. The best service period for police dogs is one and a half years to five years old, excellent ones can be seven or eight years old, and some are still in service when they are more than ten years old. It is really an old dog.
The life span of medium and large dogs is generally 15 to 2Ten years, the service life of police dogs is about eight years, and then retired. Retirement is tantamount to human retirement.
According to relevant regulations, there are three main destinations for police dogs after retirement:
Outstanding police dogs can stay in the original station after retirement and continue to be reared by the original officers and soldiers;
When more police dogs are retired, they will be sent to a special retired police dog nursing home, with someone to take care of their later life;
Ordinary people also have the opportunity to adopt retired police dogs, but the adoption review is very strict. Basically, only the breeders of police dogs have the opportunity to take them home.
In September 2018, the first batch of Kunming dogs “Grey Wolf” who entered service in Hong Kong officially retired. The Hong Kong Police Force specially carried out a glorious retirement ceremony for it, and hoped that the dog-lovers with a spacious environment in their homes would adopt them. However, the adopter must first submit an application, and then the police will visit the house, evaluate the environment, and then pass a special committee to review the adoption. It’s really very careful about retired police dogs.
8 year old male Kunming dog “Grey Wolf” retires (Image source: China News Network)
When did the police dog appear?
Police dogs play a very important role in maintaining social stability, so when did police dogs appear?
In China, the use of police dogs can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mo Zi, a defensive military theorist adhering to the concept of “non-attack”, in his discussion on how the defenders defended the authentic siege, thought of using the Chinese rural dogs as a security task: one dog in each of the bases, and the dog barks Someone. The police dogs here are vigilant dogs, and it is still their ability to care for the nursing home.
Chinese Rural Dog (Photo source: pixabay)
Du Mu’s grandfather, Du You, has a similar record in the “Tong Dian”: The enemy will ride up the city at night, hang the headlights on the waist of the city every thirty steps, and place the police dog on the city. Grease Torch.
From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Tang Dynasty, for about 1,000 years, dogs were used as guards against the city. It can be seen that the use of police dogs has been very common in ancient city defenses. Police dogs had at least two roles at the time: one was defensive tunnel warfare, and the other was defensive night attack. In fact, there should be a third one-when there is not enough food in the city, it can be used for consumption.
The transformation of vigilant dogs to police dogs means that the functions of dogs have changed from military to civilian.
In 1945, the Shanghai Police School officially established the police dog station. A total of more than 10 personnel conducted in-depth teaching and training for police dogs, which laid the foundation for the development of police dog technology in China. solid foundation. Police dogs at that time were mainly used to arrest suspects and guard prisoners. Although the functions are single, these functions already belong to the scope of use of police dogs in the modern sense.
When the People’s Republic of China was first established, the public security work was faced with a huge challenge in combating sabotage by enemy special forces. At that time, the investigative technology was still underdeveloped, and the police dog technology brought great support to the police work. Shanghai Public Security Bureau held the first phase of police dog technical training in 1950, which trained a batch of “seed” police dog trainers for all parts of East China. From 1950 to 1954, the Ministry of Public Security’s Border Defense Department also held three consecutive training courses for police dogs, and trained more than 150 police dog trainers. New China’s police dog technical work has developed rapidly, and has embarked on a road of police dog technology with Chinese characteristics.
Social change is an important opportunity for the development of police dog technology. After the reform and opening up, China’s various crimes have become increasingly diverse and complexHybridization, public security work is under increasing pressure. Therefore, under the impetus of social security requirements, police dog technology has begun a new round of improvement and development, with a more professional classification and a wider range of uses.
A police dog, is it “police equipment” or “police officer”?
In the UK, police dog Finn triggered a bill.
On the evening of October 5, 2016, police dog Finn was still bitten by a 25-centimeter knife during the pursuit of armed robbery suspects, and still assisted police officer Dave to capture the gangster. The seriously wounded Finn passed by with death, and he recovered fully 11 weeks after the operation. The heroic Finn has received many honors including “Animal George Cross”.
Police Dave and Police Dog Finn (Source: Dazhe.com)
However, during the trial, the suspect was only charged with assaulting the police and damaging property.
Originally, according to the English law at that time, police dogs were “property”, with a value of only £50, so that the judge thought that the value of the damaged “property” was too low to be punished separately.
What’s more annoying is that the suspect is only 16 years old. Although he admitted in court that he had no choice but to kill the police and police dogs when he fled, but because he was under 18 years old and did not cause much harm to the police, he was only sentenced. Four months’ imprisonment.
The verdict made Dave and the police very unhappy. The police officer’s close partner risked the death of the savior and was nearly killed by the suspect. He was seriously injured, and the crime he committed to the suspect was not as good as breaking a glass.
Dave seeks support online and submits a petition, hoping to pass the new bill to improve the treatment of working dogs. This massive petition ended up with nearly 1.3 million autographs, and Congress initiated an incentive debate and finally passed the Animal (Service Animal) Welfare Act. This isThe bill called “Finn Law” provides:
Assaulting animals in service constitutes an independent crime to protect the rights and interests of animals in service. Any intentional injury to police dogs and horses is prohibited, and the violators can be sentenced to up to five years in prison.
Finn Act protects working animals (Image source: UK government website)
Dave said: “I firmly believe that this bill will become law. Because Finn is not only my partner, but also my child! I believe that in the near future, police dogs will definitely obtain a legal status and be regarded as A member of the police station, not a property.”
Finn has caused the public to think about police dogs. Are police dogs equipped with (a kind of police equipment) or police officers?
The US police believe that police dogs are a kind of policemen, not weapons or police equipment. Police dogs enjoy their own benefits.
In Russian laws and regulations, the police dog is defined as a special police equipment; the German police believe that the police dog is a kind of police equipment with similar properties to the police equipment.
Chinese police dog researchers believe that the definition of the attributes of police dog equipment should not only fully demonstrate its special biological attributes, but also reflect the attributes of police equipment to assist police law enforcement. Therefore, Chinese police dog experts put forward the concept of biological police equipment.
Do you think the police dog should be a “police weapon” or a “police officer”?
Working Anti-drug Dogs (Source: Ta Kung Pao)
No matter what the answer is, at least for police officers, police dogs are their most loyal comrades.
This article comes from the WeChat public account:Institute of Science (ID: kexuedayuan), author: Wang Xi