Compared with public transport aviation, the scale of development of general aviation in my country is still small, and the problems of insufficient low-altitude airspace resource supply and lagging general airport construction have not yet been completely resolved.
Editor’s note: This article from the micro-channel public number “by each headline” (ID: nbdtoutiao), of: Biao, Editor: Chen Xing,Visual: Liu Qingyan, Typesetting: Chen Xing Mouxuan.
Li Jian’s wonderful views:
● The planning and research flight plan approval system is transformed to a negative list system, and most of the general aviation activities can be recorded before flying.
● The General Aviation Industry Park will form a new business ecology in the region, which will generate jobs, output value and taxation, such as high-tech industries, aircraft leasing industry, and low-altitude tourism.
● International experience shows that the input-output ratio of the general aviation industry is 1:10, and the employment-driven ratio is 1:12.
In recent years, general aviation such as unmanned aerial vehicles and private jets has gradually entered people’s field of vision and once became a buzzword.
What ordinary people see is that it improves our quality of life, but Li Jian, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and former deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, obviously thinks more.
The curtain of the National Two Sessions will be unveiled. In the “Struggle for China · Two Sessions” column specially launched by every headline, the reporter of “Daily Business News” (hereinafter referred to as “NBD”) interviewed Li Jian.
He believes that compared with public transport aviation, the development scale of general aviation in my country is still small, and the problems of insufficient low-altitude airspace resource supply and lagging general airport construction have not yet been completely resolved. A series of questions such as the key reforms in the field of general aviation during the 14th Five-Year Plan that will be accelerated, and how the scale of general aviation development will break through, remain to be answered.
“Thirteenth Five-Year” general aviation business volume grows at an average annual rate of 13.7%
NBD: In recent years, the topic of private jet travel has aroused widespread discussion. What is the current development stage of my country’s general aviation?
Li Jian: Since the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of General Aviation Industry” issued by the General Office of the State Council in 2016, General Aviation has entered a new stage of development. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, 940 general aviation aircraft will be added. Business volume yearBoth increased by 13.7%. As of the end of 2020, the number of general-purpose airports reached 339, with 2,844 general-purpose aircrafts and 981,000 flight hours. There were a total of 523,600 UAVs registered in the industry and 1.594 million hours of operational flight throughout the year, a year-on-year increase of 36.4%.
In recent years, the number of general aircraft in my country has steadily increased
Compared with the United States, the United States has more than 600,000 general aviation pilots, 240,000 general-purpose aircraft, and 19,000 general-purpose airports. The annual flight volume of general aviation exceeds 20 million hours, which drives more than 1.3 million jobs and contributes about 2,200 to the economy every year. One hundred million U.S. dollars.
On the whole, the overall scale of my country’s general aviation industry is still small, only equivalent to 4% of that of the United States, and the general aviation industry is gaining momentum.
NBD: In fact, in 2016, the general aviation industry has been included in the national strategic emerging industry system. During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, what development achievements have my country’s general aviation industry made?
Li Jian: The development achievements of the general aviation industry are obvious to all, mainly in the following aspects:
The first is to strengthen the top-level design. Since the release of the “Guiding Opinions” in 2016, according to incomplete statistics, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Transport, Civil Aviation Administration and other departments have issued more than 100 general aviation policies and documents, and proposed the path and plan for general aviation development.
Among them, the Civil Aviation Administration of China has implemented the State Council’s General Aviation “Delegation of Regulation and Service” requirements since 2017, and has done a lot of work to conduct special supervision and rectification on the aggregated 193 general aviation over-regulation issues.
Explore the establishment of a new regulatory mechanism of “combination of decentralization, focus on decentralization, and classified management”; arranging the restructuring of general aviation regulations involves the formulation of 3 new regulations, the revision of 19 regulations, and the abolition of 1 regulation to construct a complete and independent general Aviation regulatory system.
The second is to promote the pilot in depth. East China has compiled low-altitude visual aeronautical charts of Rizhao Shanzihe, Rizhao Lanshan, Dongying, and Binzhou Dagao airports. One airport in Rizhao Shanzihe guarantees 5 general aviation companies on site. Transportation and general aviation flight are well integrated, creating a model for ensuring general aviation by a transportation airport. In 2019, the four airports have more than 100,000 flight hours, and the airspace can meet the annual capacity of 250,000 flight hours.
Sichuan has established more than 6,000 square kilometers of pilot airspace, plus simplified declaration procedures, and visually autonomous flightA series of innovative management mechanisms such as the Bank of China have revitalized the low-altitude airspace resources and provided a set of Sichuan experience for my country’s low-altitude airspace reform.
In 2020, Hunan was approved to become the country’s first low-altitude pilot province in the country, and the Hunan General Aviation Development Model of “Heaven, Earth and People” was launched, and a provincial service platform for general aviation industry was established.
The third is synergy and linkage to help new business formats. With strong cooperation from all parties, ministries and commissions, localities, the military, and large enterprises share advantageous resources to help the development of the new general aviation industry and stimulate market vitality.
For example:
Jiangxi Province has built the “Jiangxi Express Line”, formed a short-distance transportation network with Jiangxi’s existing airport as a fulcrum, and established a PC-12 small transport aircraft delivery center.
Eastern General Aviation has obtained the No. 001 cross-border flight permit, and has achieved normal connections from Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Hong Kong to the CBD, Grade A office aprons, and tourist attractions in the Greater Bay Area, and opened Shenzhen-Hong Kong , Guangzhou-Hong Kong helicopter cross-border flights and other Greater Bay Area routes have gradually made low-altitude travel the new normal in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, helping the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Fourth is technological innovation, injecting new impetus. Promote the application of general navigation technologies such as ADS-B navigation and Beidou system low-altitude positioning and surveillance; support new models of drones, establish a drone cloud platform, and realize the access to dynamic data of drone flight. Persist in technological innovation and drive the development of general aviation through the application of new technologies.
Complex approval procedures for general aviation flight activities
NBD: What are the shortcomings in the development of the general aviation industry?
Li Jian: Although general aviation has developed rapidly recently, there is still a significant gap between the development goals set by the State Council. Some outstanding issues restricting the development of general aviation need to be resolved urgently.
First, the low-altitude airspace reform is progressing slowly, and the low-altitude airspace resources are insufficiently supplied. Today, the airspace available for general navigation activities is still very small. The airspace used by civil aviation in our country is less than 30%, and most of them are controlled airspace. The low-altitude airspace open to general navigation is even rarer. There is no network connection, which is difficult. It is suitable for general aviation multi-point flight, convenient and efficient; especially the number of airspace suitable for private and entertainment flight is very limited, and the range is small, scattered, and availability is poor.
General aviation flight activity approval procedures are cumbersome. Almost all general aviation flight activities must submit flight plan applications in advance. The approval links and procedures are relatively cumbersome and complicated. Approval requires at least 2~3 levels of military and civil aviation approval, usually involving 5~6 The efficiency of each department is not high.
Secondly, the construction of general-purpose airports is lagging behind. Although the number of general-purpose airports has increased rapidly during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, there is a big gap compared with the United States. At present, the approval authority has been delegated to the provincial government, but the approval authority involved in military site selection has not been delegated, and batches are accepted. The approval level is high and the process is high. The average approval is once every six months. Some applications have been applied for a few years.There is no conclusion, which makes investment entities daunting.
In recent years, the number of general-purpose airports in my country has increased significantly, but compared with the United States, there is still a big gap
General airport construction standards are generally too strict and the cost is too high. For example, the construction of a 600-meter runway at an airport requires an investment of 400 million yuan. Some airports have built 3,800 meters of runway at a time to avoid duplication of approvals.
The third is that some local governments have not clear enough ideas for the development of general aviation. Although many local governments and enterprises have high enthusiasm for the development of general aviation, they lack experts in relevant professional fields and cannot find out where they can be used. Some blindly implement high inputs but fail to obtain corresponding output. Local governments generally lack support policies for the independent R&D and manufacturing of general aircraft and the profitability of general aviation companies, resulting in weak investment growth and limited consumption stimulus. Many general aviation projects have died halfway or are unsustainable.
In recent years, my country’s general aviation companies have developed rapidly
We must continue to promote the opening of low-altitude airspace
NBD: We have seen that the “13th Five-Year Plan” has made great achievements in the field of general aviation, but the deep-seated problems restricting the development of the industry have not been fundamentally resolved. How will the “14th Five-Year Plan” apply new development concepts for the development of general aviation Breaking?
Li Jian: The “14th Five-Year Plan” period is an important period for the implementation of the new development concept.
The development of general aviation must always adhere to goal-oriented, problem-oriented and demand-oriented, centered on the reform of the national air management system, seize the opportunity of airspace system reform, do a good job of top-level design, continue to promote the opening of low-altitude airspace and low-altitude route planning, and solve the problem of low-altitude Insufficient resources;
It is necessary to focus on expanding domestic demand, seize the favorable opportunities of expanding investment and stimulating domestic demand in various regions, support all parties to invest in the construction of more general-purpose airports, and solve the problem of lagging in the construction of general-purpose airports;
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Focusing on a smooth economic cycle, seizing the favorable opportunity for the upgrading of domestic consumer demand, continuously expanding private flights, short-distance transportation, sightseeing tours, sports and other general aviation activities to solve demand-side problems;
Focusing on achieving a high level of self-reliance, seizing the favorable opportunity for the country to implement an innovation-driven strategy, fully introducing and upgrading domestic general aircraft, aviation materials and components, domestic satellite navigation systems, and UAV R&D and manufacturing capabilities to solve industrial upgrading Problem; strive to increase the influence of general aviation, a strategic emerging industry.
From these aspects, we will do a good job in the integration of overall advancement and key breakthroughs, pilot advancement and system transformation, self-pressurization and social evaluation, and solve the related problems of general aviation development momentum, development imbalance, internal and external linkage, etc. Pave the way and bridge for the further development of navigation during the 14th Five-Year Plan.
The input-output ratio of the general aviation industry is 1:10
NBD: At the end of 2020, Hunan was approved to become the country’s first low-altitude pilot province in the country. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, will more provinces and cities become low-altitude open areas in the whole region? At the same time, how to coordinate the relationship between low-altitude openness and regulation and safety?
Li Jian: Low-altitude airspace reform is a prerequisite and condition for the development of general aviation. I think deepening the reform of low-altitude airspace to promote the development of general aviation is the top priority. This year I also made a proposal to promote related work around the following key points.
The first is to adhere to the goal orientation and accelerate the pace of low-altitude airspace reform. Taking the number of navigation flight hours in each low-altitude airspace as a quantitative evaluation index for low-altitude airspace reform, promote the deepening of the demonstration results of the comprehensive management reform of the low-altitude airspace in Shandong Rizhao and Sichuan, comprehensively promote the results of the national airspace fine management pilot, and form a low-altitude management mechanism with military and civilian participation. As soon as possible, the low-altitude airspace resources will be substantially released to realize the effective supply of airspace resources for general aviation.
In 2019, the industry completed 1.065 million hours of general aviation production flight, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year
The second is to adhere to the problem orientation and improve the efficiency of low-altitude flight approval. On the one hand, promote the military-civilian one-stop flight plan service platform to promote the win-win development of general aviation, transportation aviation, and military aviation; on the other hand, study and expand the scope of filing-type flight plans, and plan and study the flight plan approval system to a negative list system in the long run Transformation to achieve most of theYou can fly by filing a flight activity. At the same time, vigorously promote low-altitude communication and radar coverage, improve the low-altitude early warning and detection system, and install monitoring equipment on general aviation aircraft to ensure that general aviation aircraft are “visible and visible” and improve the flight efficiency of low-altitude users.
The third is to adhere to the demand orientation and accelerate the improvement of the service guarantee system. To strengthen government guidance, it is recommended to accelerate the conversion of the reproducible and extendable experience and practices of the pilot into regulations and standards; further promote the production and release of national low-altitude visual aeronautical charts, and accelerate the construction and full operation of the three-level low-altitude flight service guarantee system. At the same time, it will give full play to the supporting role of the public infrastructure of the transportation airport, strengthen the guarantee service for the general aviation flight, and ensure that the general aviation can fly and fly smoothly.
I believe that as the reform of low-altitude airspace continues to deepen, the general aviation market demand will be further activated, and more provinces and cities will become areas with low-altitude openness throughout the region.
As for how to coordinate the relationship between low-altitude openness, regulation, and safety, I think we must always adhere to goal-oriented, problem-oriented and demand-oriented, and do a good job in the organic combination of general aviation “decentralization, management, and management”. The three services are indispensable. Through the further promotion of the Hunan General Aviation development model of “Heaven, Earth and People”, the combination of pilot advancement and system transformation is realized, thereby coordinating the relationship between low-altitude opening and standardization and safety.
NBD: In recent years, many places have been playing the “general aviation card”. What key role does the general aviation industry play in promoting local development?
Li Jian: The general aviation industry is a strategic emerging industry with general aviation flight activities at its core, covering the entire industrial chain of general aircraft R&D and manufacturing, market operations, comprehensive support, and extended services. It has a long industrial chain and a wide range of services. , Strong leading role and so on. International experience shows that the input-output ratio of the general aviation industry is 1:10, and the employment-driven ratio is 1:12. The promotion of local development by the general aviation industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
First, the development of general aviation can achieve consumption upgrades. As my country’s middle-income groups continue to expand, consumer demand for private flights, short-distance transportation, sightseeing tours, sports, leisure and entertainment is increasing. From purchase to use, it is a continuous consumption process, which has a strong driving role in expanding domestic demand, stabilizing growth, and benefiting people’s livelihood.
The second is that the development of general aviation can drive industrial upgrading. Establish a general aviation airport and develop the airport economy. The operation of general aviation airports will drive the demand for air transportation services such as passenger and cargo transportation, passenger and freight forwarding, flight schools, and aviation materials and fuel supply, as well as the maintenance of general aviation aircraft engines and aircraft parts. demand.
For example, some general aviation industry parks will form a new business ecology in the region, which will generate jobs, output value and taxation, such as high-tech industries, aircraft leasing industry, low-altitude tourism, etc.
In addition, general aviation aircraft range from the most basic to business jets that represent high-end manufacturing levels, including military-to-civilian aircraft such as the 61-year-old military elementary school six. The industrial chain is long and the service area is wide, which can promote aviation.The transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, the realization of the civilian transformation of military products and military technology, and the promotion of military-civilian integration are also the industrial basis for large aircraft manufacturing.
The third is that the development of general aviation can improve the emergency level. Helicopters have become a mainstream in medical rescue, earthquake rescue, and flood fighting. UAVs are also widely used in rescue work related to lifeline, such as fire fighting, personnel search and rescue, geological investigation, information acquisition, material transportation, etc.
my country is one of the countries with the worst natural disasters in the world. In recent years, the country’s annual economic losses due to natural disasters have exceeded 200 billion yuan, and in 2008 it even reached 1,175.2 billion yuan. In the rescue process of emergency events such as public health, natural disasters, and social security, general aviation has given full play to its advantages of speed and convenience, special operations, emergency transportation, and night patrols. It provides a strong force for fighting for rescue time, reducing casualties, and reducing economic losses. Strong guarantee.
The development of general aviation has significant strategic deployment significance and role in improving the quality of the population and the quality of life, and in accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with domestic and international cycles as the main body and mutual promotion of domestic and international cycles.
Huge potential for general aviation development
NBD: Some people say that the development of China’s general aviation industry has entered a fast lane. What do you think of the development of the general aviation industry and how much room does it have for market development?
Li Jian: Last year, I accompanied the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference delegation to the Yangtze River Delta to conduct research on the development of integrated transportation and felt the huge demand for short-distance transportation and private flights. General aviation has low investment and quick results, and general aviation can well meet the needs of the “last mile” of travel, especially in mountainous areas and other places.
Statistics in the past 10 years show that the average annual investment for railways is about 770 billion yuan, highways are about 1.640 billion yuan, and civil aviation is about 160 billion yuan. Civil aviation investment is about 1/5 of railway investment, which is highway investment. 1/10 of that.
General aviation development experience shows that the per capita GDP of a country or region exceeds 6,000 U.S. dollars. The middle-income group is the backbone of the development of the general aviation industry, and the demand for general aviation from the citizens has begun to explode. At present, my country’s per capita GDP has exceeded 10,000 US dollars, but my country’s general aviation industry has not been able to usher in a “blowout” development. These conditions do not match or adapt to my country’s status as the world’s second largest economy and the booming social needs.
General aviation can not only transform my country’s economic development mode, improve the quality of development, promote industry and consumption upgrades, but also train hundreds of thousands of professional flight and technical personnel, thousands or even tens of thousands of airports and aircraft, and even more An important part of various emergency rescue systems.
In 2020, my country’s general aviation (including drones) will only have about 2.575 million flight hours. As a strategic emerging industry identified by the State Council, I believe that there will be strong cooperation from all parties.The development potential of the next general aviation industry is huge, and the development of the general aviation industry will accelerate the construction of a new development pattern in which the domestic and international cycles are the mainstay and the domestic and international dual cycles promote each other.
Reporter’s Notes | General Aviation Reform Needs Further Efforts
my country’s general aviation development has accelerated during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, with an average annual growth of 13.7% in business volume. Many places are vigorously promoting the construction of general aviation airports, placing the development of general aviation in an important position to promote local economic development.
However, compared to public transport aviation, the development of general aviation appears to be relatively small.
In fact, with the development of technology and the improvement of living standards, general aviation has become more and more widely used in the economy and society, and the society’s demand for general aviation has become stronger. However, there are still many problems that hinder the development of general aviation, including the slow progress of low-altitude airspace reforms and the inefficient approval of low-altitude flights.
The “14th Five-Year Plan” general aviation reform requires further efforts to release more low-altitude airspace, increase the application range of drones, private jets, etc., simplify the low-altitude flight approval procedures, and allow more people to participate in it.