This article is from WeChat official account:Earth Knowledge Bureau (ID: diqiuzhishiju) , author: Dmitry, from the title figure: vision China

According to the Kyodo News Agency of Japan, on the morning of April 13, local time, the Japanese government officially decided to discharge radioactive waste water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the ocean, with a water volume of more than 1 million tons. Although the Japanese government insists that this batch of wastewater has been treated and will not have a negative impact on human health or the marine environment, this statement is unconvincing.

Wastewater flows into the ocean

(Photo: tchina.kyodonews.net)▼

In 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred in the coastal area of ​​northeastern Japan. The tsunami caused by the earthquake caused the Fukushima nuclear accident. Residents and fishery workers who have not been fully restored so far expressed serious concerns about this decision. This move will inevitably arouse strong indignation from neighboring countries.

Fukushima after the tsunami

(Picture: Fly_and_Dive / Shutterstock)▼

To the east is the Pacific Ocean. Is it the equivalent of not being diluted? ▼

1. The 10-year period is up

10 years ago, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was leaked due to the Great East Japan Earthquake.

On the day of the earthquake, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima suffered violent damage. A transmission tower of the power supply system of the nuclear power plant collapsed in the earthquake. Subsequently, the entire system was paralyzed due to disconnection, short circuit and equipment failure. The sea water rushed into the nuclear power station over the breakwater, the basement, shaft, and powerhouse were submerged, and the staff were unable to enter for emergency repairs. All the people at the scene watched as the sea water circulating cooling pump was washed away.

Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant has 6 reactors in total

No. 1~4 suffered severe damage from tsunami due to low terrain

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

We can’t guess how horrified the nuclear power engineers were when they saw this scene. They knew what it meant more clearly than everyone else.

The nuclear fuel will continue to generate decay heat for a long time after the core is shut down. Without the seawater cooling system, it will overheat and cause more serious consequences.

The power system of the nuclear power plant was damaged by the tsunami, causing the cooling system to fail

Unable to control the decay heat of nuclear fuel, explosion occurred

(Explosion waste picture: IAEA Image bank / flickr)▼

After 4 months of remedial measures, the nuclear power plant accident area began to enter a stable state. The main task of this stage is to keep the reactor in a “low-temperature static” state. The best way is to continuously spray water on the nuclear fuel of the reactor.

There are two reasons: first, the highest temperature of water in liquid state is only 100℃, which is a safe temperature for nuclear fuel; secondly, water is the most common substance in nature, no matter what cooling material is The cost of using water is lower.

Japan Self-Defense Force sprays water on Unit 3 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

(Picture: https://www.mod.go.jp/)▼

Because the fuel fragments produced after the explosion of nuclear fuel and hydrogen will continue to release energy for a long time, it is also necessary to continuously inject water into the reactor to keep the temperature low. The water will contain a large amount of high-concentration radioactive materials after it comes into contact with nuclear fuel, so it cannot be directly discharged into the sea.

Since the nuclear power plant accident, the Japanese government has built a large number of barrel-type water storage facilities to store this cooling water. According to statistics, nuclear power plants produce about 120 to 180 tons of polluted water every day. The contaminated water is purified by the “multi-nuclides removal equipment” usually called Alps (ALPS), and then stored in the 1037 in the nuclear power plant area In a water tank.

The installation site of the sewage storage tank of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

So is the purified and polluted water safe?

The answer is no, because it is difficult to separate radioactive materials from water with existing technology. A survey in 2018 found that 70% to 80% of the sewage purified with ALPS contained radioactive substances such as cesium, strontium, and iodine, which exceeded the human body’s capacity limit and reached the lethal standard.

Sewage treatment process

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

After the publication of this survey, it has dealt a serious blow to the credibility of the Japanese government, and people no longer believe that polluted water can be purified. The Tokyo Electric Power Company also responded quickly and claimed that the concentration of main radioactive substances in the 1000 tons of polluted water after ALPS secondary treatment has fallen below the standard value. However, such a huge amount of sewage is still increasing, and it is difficult to achieve all secondary purification, and the specific information is still opaque, which is difficult to convince people.

The nuclear fuel cooling work is far from over. 1,037 water storage facilities have stored more than 1.23 million tons of nuclear-contaminated water containing high-concentration radioactive substances.

Sewage with such a high level of radiation will leak if you say it leaks

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

From the day the cooling operation started, Tokyo Electric Power Company has calculated that the storage capacity of the water storage facility will reach its limit in 2022, and it is estimated that it will take two years to install the discharge facility. In other words, by 2021 at the latest, the water in these storage tanks must be released.

Second, the ill-fated Olympic year

So why hasn’t Japan dealt with the water in those piggy banks until now? In fact, Japan has already discussed a variety of solutions to solve these nowhere to discharge water, but none of them are useful.

The solutions discussed in Japan are nothing more than water vapor release, underground landfills and ocean emissions. If the water vapor emission scheme is used to heat all the polluted water into water vapor, then a huge amount of high-concentration radioactive materials will enter the air, causing unpredictable reactions, and even the entire Tokyo will be enveloped in nuclear radiation. Under the thick fog.


There are five ways Japan has been included in the plan

But none of them are safe and effective

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

Underground landfill is also not realistic. It is difficult for so much polluted water not to penetrate deep into the land and come into contact with groundwater, so that the residents of East Japan have hidden dangers in drinking water.

Because the consequences of the first two plans mainly endanger Japan’s mainland, the Japanese government, which has always been “dead friends but not poor”, chose to discharge them into the ocean, and all the countries on the Pacific coast will jointly bear the consequences.

If the groundwater is polluted

All Japanese people’s living water will be threatened by nuclear weapons

If you want to drink water directly like this, it’s not possible

(Picture: dowraik / shutterstock)▼

So the Japanese Minister of the Environment Yoshiaki Harada said at the press conference: “There is no choice but to put the (Nuclear contaminated water) is released and diluted… From the point of view of science and safety, there is no problem.” Of course, is it really okay? He should have a judgment in his heart strong>.

But Yoshiaki Harada cannot solve the problem with just one mouth. At present, ocean emissions are facing strong opposition from Japan and abroad.Correct.

The Pacific is not a Japanese company either

Whether it is co-prosperity or co-radiation, it is just wishful thinking in Japan▼

First of all, the residents of Fukushima Prefecture, they are worried about their personal safety. The strongest reaction among this group is fishermen. Fishery was once one of the pillar industries of Fukushima, but after the nuclear leak, no one dared to try Fukushima’s aquatic products with personal risk. Residents protested: “Since the explosion in 2011, the mistrust of Fukushima seafood has not disappeared, and the discharge of treated water will make the local economy more difficult.”

Fukushima residents who have suffered such great harm’s anti-nuclear protests

From the leak to the present day

(Picture: Abasaa / wikipedia)▼

Some international environmental groups also hold strong objections. Environmental protection organizations such as Greenpeace and experts have expressed the hope that the Japanese authorities will take other measures to solve this problem, such as providing more land for water storage facilities to store recipients. Contaminated water, but after negotiationThe conclusion is: “The Japanese government is eager to discharge polluted water into the sea.”

This decision was also strongly opposed by South Korea. The Institute of Marine Science and Technology under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of South Korea analyzed the in-depth video data of the Helmholtz Institute of Oceanography in Germany and came to a conclusion: once contaminated After the water is discharged from the coast of Fukushima, it will reach Jeju Island and the Yellow Sea within one month.(Part of South Korea is called West Sea).

Neither environmental organizations nor citizens of other countries can accept this selfish misconduct by Japan

(Picture: http://nonukesasiaforum.org/)▼

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea stated that it is tough: “The government will take measures based on cooperation with the international community and monitor Japan’s sewage treatment activities, putting the health of our people first.”

In the face of international and domestic pressures, the Japanese government does not want to ignore all resistance and pour polluted water directly into the sea. After all, the Olympics are still going to be held. The Japanese government initially set the summer of 2020 as the deadline for deciding how to treat wastewater. If it insists on the plan of discharging to the sea, it will definitely encounter widespread international opposition, and even the hosting of the Olympic Games will be affected. Therefore, Japan’s Ministry of Resources and Energy, which is responsible for the decommissioning of nuclear reactors, stepped back and said: “The summer of 2020 is not the deadline for determining the treatment method.” However, as the Olympic Games are postponed to 2021, the amount of wastewater storage has reached its limit. The Japanese government was finally unable to balance the two.

The spirit of competitive sports is hard work

Not desperately

(Photo: kuremo / Shutterstock)▼

3. Where is the flow?

For Japan, procrastination is actually a solution, and many organizations and individuals have inferred that Japan has already begun to discharge nuclear-polluted water into the ocean.

On July 22, 2013, Tokyo Electric Power Company, the operator of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, admitted that polluted water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was flowing out. On August 19, the company announced that the cooling water storage tank of the first nuclear power plant had leaked about 300 tons of water contaminated with ultra-high concentrations of radioactive materials, and did not deny the possibility of this kind of water contaminated by radioactive materials flowing into the Pacific Ocean.

Suga Yoshihide visits Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

The Prime Minister is very solemn to the United States

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

Since then, the Tokyo Electric Power Company and the Japanese government have not announced and implemented any treatment measures, and it was not announced until three days later that a leak was found in the other two storage tanks.

This kind of private discharge, either overt or under cover, has continued for several times, including the secondary purified water claimed by Japan as “completely harmless”. The most discharge has been 2,000 tons, but compared to the current water storage tanks. The storage of more than 1.23 million tons of nuclear contaminated water is only a small amount. Even according to TEPCO’s own standards, at least 70% of the 1.23 million tons of water to be treated has not been fully purified, but Japan does not plan to wait.

By the end of 2020, the sewage storage capacity has increased to 1.37 million tons. Due to the limited land area, there will be no more room to store contaminated water by the summer of 2022. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan explained: “Even if the method of water treatment is decided today, there must be a two-year preparation period due to the need for related discussion procedures and facility construction.” The logic of the Japanese government is to avoid being unable to deal with it by 2022. The problem of excess polluted water, so it is necessary to empty the existing water storage facilities this year.

The annual treated water volume ranges from 50,000 tons to 80,000 tons

As early as more than a year ago, it reached 1.12 million tons of water

(Picture: TEPCO Holdings)▼

But discharging polluted water into the Pacific Ocean will not only cause pollution problems, but also treat the symptoms rather than the root cause. According to estimates, nuclear power plant reactors will need to continue cooling until 2051, so what will happen after the next nine years? Is it necessary to continue to discharge dangerous polluted water containing high-concentration radioactive substances to the sea?

From the outside world, the best way is to increase water storage facilities, wait for the polluted water to be purified several times and reach the discharge standard before finding a way to discharge it. However, the Japanese government has its own calculations. In the face of doubts from the outside world, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry replied that it is actually impossible to build a nuclear power plant.Water storage area, this is because the construction must obtain the consent of the construction area, but also the consent of all municipalities along the path of the polluted water.

There are actually many open spaces outside

but far less excuses than the Japanese

(Picture: IAEA Image bank / flickr)▼

Because of administrative problems and some obstacles that could have been overcome, the Japanese government decided to make such a decision that endangered the lives and health of coastal residents and disregarded the safety of production and life of people in neighboring countries. This kind of irresponsibility to its own citizens and life His indifference is not the attitude that a modern national government should have.

Compared with the expenses and some technical problems needed for continued storage

Isn’t the health of the people of the world the most important thing?

(Picture: https://www.kahoku.co.jp/)▼

Japanese society has alwaysThere is a tradition of “not causing trouble to others”, but this time the Japanese government is so irresponsible in matters within its powers, and it has indeed caused great trouble to the world.

References:

1. https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/about/special/johoteikyo/osensui2019.html

2. https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/a6cf5d19659595c139d95cba8a4f42fa1f8f5ff6

3. https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/62141

4. https://www.chosun.com/international/2020/10/17/XAM5WZ7OF5GA3KP4J2P43OEB5E/

This article is from WeChat official account:Earth Knowledge Bureau (ID: diqiuzhishiju), author: Dmitry