This article is from the WeChat public account: IPP comments (ID: IPP-rEVIEW) , author: Zhang Ruomei (Research Assistant public policy Institute of South China University of Technology, policy analyst) The picture is from: worm
Recently, in the “Implementation Opinions on the Construction of First-Class Undergraduate Curriculum” issued by the Ministry of Education, “The management of university education is strict, the curriculum is excellent, teachers are strong, students are busy, and the results are realized.” Focus on university education.
But this is not the first time that the Ministry of Education has stressed the need to “burden” university education. As early as August 2018, the Ministry of Education issued a “Notice on Paying Attention to the Implementation of the Spirit of the National Conference on Undergraduate Education in the New Era ”Has already demanded strict management of the undergraduate education and teaching process, eliminated” water courses “, increased the proportion of process assessment scores in the total course scores, strengthened the management of all links in graduation thesis, and resolutely canceled the” clear examination “system to reverse” “Desperate middle school, happy university” phenomenon. Under the circumstance that undergraduate education “increasing the burden” becomes an inevitable trend, it is particularly necessary to clarify the origin of the problems of “happy university” and “easy university”. This will help us to further clarify the specific problems of “easy university” and also for science To provide a basis for education “burden increase”.
Need to reverse the phenomenon of “destiny middle school, happy university” (source: Internet)
I. University relaxed, where is “loose”?
Evaluation baton of “Researching and Teaching Lightly” created a group of “navy teachers” and “water lessons” on campus. At present, the promotion of university teacher titles and subsidies and reward policies are still closely related to scientific research results. The “emphasis on scientific research and light teaching” still has a strong institutional evaluation guarantee. Scientific research still has inherent advantages in the promotion of professional titles and awards, and the funding provided by scientific research The return is much higher than the income from teaching class hours. In addition, the quantitative evaluation of teaching and research evaluation indicators also provides shelter to a certain extent for the production of “water lessons” and “water teachers”. > [1] .
According to the survey data of the China Youth Daily Social Survey Center Questionnaire Network in 2018, 76.7% of the 2010 students think that there are more water lessons in the school [2] , the teacher is just the” reader “of the PPT, the students passively listen to the lesson, and the” focusing, putting out water “before the exam, let the teachers and students complete a” teaching “unconsciously Performance. In the survey of the 2016 and 2017 undergraduate graduates, it was also found that 40% of the graduates believed that the teaching of the alma mater had the problems of “less practical content and outdated knowledge”, and nearly 10% of the students considered that “teachers were not dedicated enough” and “professionals Poor ability “ [3] .
The spread of “water teacher” and “water class” is prone to produce “absent” and “look down” students. The spread of “water masters” and “water lessons” has created boring classrooms. The courses are boring and tedious, and the classroom interaction is poor. Some students are justified to be absent from the classroom, or stubbornly named. Walk in the cinema to be a “head bower.” Some research data show that the overall attendance rate of university students is 91%, and 4% of the students have received early warnings for absenteeism. [4] . However, not all students are devoted to class. 79% of students admit to using mobile phones in class to pass the time. It is calculated based on 45 minutes per class. The average time for students to use mobile phones per class is 13.9 minutes, which is close to One third of class time [6] . Under the vicious circle, it is not surprising that the 7% absentee rate of early classes is [4] .
“Teacher-student friendship” and “graduation examination” have become “magic weapons” for some students to graduate. University scores bind the direct interests of students, including scholarship evaluation, study abroad exchanges, advanced studies, and even future employment. In order to avoid the risk of hanging subjects, teachers are required to prioritize and ask teachers for some students’ “magic skills”, especially for professional courses because of their high difficulty and high scores. Teachers of professional courses are often subject to some students at the end of the semester. “Siege and block.”
Survey data show that 54.55% of the respondents said that “compulsory course teachers will focus at the end of the term”, and 30% of students said that “all the teachers will focus on the course”, and only one percent of the students said that Make key points and let students review freely “ [7] . “Unfocused” class teachers have not been able to become students ‘motivation for continuous learning. In the survey data on “university students’ daily learning and preparation methods”, 47% of college students are of the type of “laziness usually, assault before exams”, and Only 4% of the respondents who “study hard at all times and have no fear of final exams” [8] . Although students who rely on the pre-examination focus and the front-line guns are attached to the subject, they also have a “clean test” for graduation. This is called “the last kindness” on the university campus, which has resulted in more than 97% of national colleges and universities. The graduation rate of college students
The teaching phase “ups” also allows teachers and students to have “cooperation” and “collusion” in their evaluation and course scores. Teacher evaluation scores constrain teachers. Course scores affect students. Under the interests of both parties, implicit cooperation allows the evaluation teacher and course scores to “go up” with each other. At the same time, some teachers appear to “please” students in the classroom because of the school’s strict regulations and even subject to student evaluation scores. Some scholars have found out that the relaxation of the excellent scores in college courses will lead to a double expansion of students’ academic performance and teacher evaluation scores. For the score expansion courses generated in the experimental group, students will return more generously in the evaluation scores. Among them, the course score is increased by 1 point, and the student evaluation score is significantly improved by 2 points [10] .
In addition to such “hidden cooperation”, student evaluation of teaching is often regarded as “frustrated” by teachers. They believe that teaching evaluation is forcing teachers to “please” students, and student evaluation of classes exacerbates the “harlequin” of teachers. Into “. Some schools even stipulate that if the teacher ’s evaluation score ranks lower, they may be interviewed by leaders, post applications may be postponed for one to several years, and they may even lose their lecture qualification. [11] .
Students, as the audience of teachers, have natural right and obligation to evaluate teaching, but their personal subjectivity and interest in the implementation process make this link difficult to be persuasive. The teaching evaluation indicators are closely related to the promotion, salary increase and even retention of teachers. This unreliable teaching evaluation result greatly hurts teachers’ teaching enthusiasm, and also leaves room for teachers and students to “conspire” and ultimately “harm”. Up students.
In addition, the ease of university is in line with the education logic of “strictly in and out of the past”, the evaluation system of “researching and teaching lightly”, the incentive scam of “easy when you go to college”, and the utility of “learning on exam” The wind has a lot to do with it. From the perspective of the school alone, the educational logic of “strict in and out” makes it normal for students to graduate. Because there is no so-called “elimination system”, the university has become the main or even sole responsible party for students’ graduation. Especially when the graduation rate of students is used as an important indicator of university quality evaluation, schools often choose to lower the academic threshold or relax the supervision of students to achieve a happy life for both the school and the students. [12] .
From the perspective of students, some of them lack self-confidence.Due to the influence of motivational slogans such as “easy to go to college” for a long time in high school, the main students have unlocked themselves as soon as they entered college, and some students have skipped classes and linked courses by using the name of “Happy University”. , And even believe in “school assholes” such as “as long as you are brave, leave seven days a week”, “the university is incomplete without hanging courses and escaping classes”, “classes are just another place to play mobile phones”. However, some students who have a strong sense of “worry awareness” are affected by the utilitarian wind of “exam-oriented learning” and frequently turn around in various training courses for examination and certification, hoping to add a bargaining chip for future employment. At the same time, under the influence of the spread of “water teachers” and “water classes”, whether it is “game students” or “test students”, skipping classes has become its inevitable choice.
Second, how to reverse the status quo of “easy” universities and improve the quality and efficiency of undergraduate education?
In the current series of university “burden increase” regulations proposed by the Ministry of Education, students are “strengthening the difficulty of the curriculum, rigorous examination records, strictly exporting examinations and graduation, and canceling the” clear examination “”; the emphasis is on teachers. “Professor attends the podium, clears the” water teacher “,” water lesson “, and strictly controls the evaluation of course quality”, etc. The policy of referring to “water teacher”, “water lesson” and mixed-day college students also caused to a certain extent Colleges attach great importance to current educational issues. A number of universities have begun to issue notices of canceling the “clearance exam”, and Wuhan University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, and Sun Yat-sen University have also begun to retire a large number of unqualified students. 13] . However, under the trend of “strictly out” in colleges and universities, we still need to realize that “increasing burden” is not the purpose, nor can we use simple increase and difficulty as means, but we must reasonably “increase burden” under the goal of “educating talent” “.
For students, the personalized “burden increase” method under the “burden increase” goal is particularly important. The survey of the “University Teaching Quality and Student Development Monitoring” project implemented in the School of Education of Peking University shows that the main student groups faced by undergraduate colleges include: Although they have a high degree of autonomous academic participation, they have not yet formed a clearly planned ” “Exploration-oriented” students (accounting for 10.4%) ; there is no clear self-development plan, and autonomous academic participation is also low. “Students” (29.2%) ; although they have a clear goal of self-development, they are lagging behind in action. (32.8%) .
In the undergraduate colleges, nearly 42% of the students have no clear career plan for the future. Different types of students have different “burden burden” needs. Students with missing goals, academic burnout students, and target exploration students should be “diagnosed” separately to increase diversity in the setting of professional courses and practical links. .
For teachers: “group” cooperation under the goal of “golden lessons” should be helpful. First, try to establish a teaching mutual aid group, which consists of teachers from the same discipline, specialty, and field. The team leader will design the curriculum for the team members, and use some forms of mutual supervision, diversity participation, and collaboration to prevent some teachers from “hiding themselves.” “The situation arises. Secondly, teaching and technology cooperation, increasing information-based teaching methods, especially for skill-based courses, should increase the quantitative assessment of the process under the skills node to form a real-time portrait of the course effect, compare and analyze the course quality data, and improve the classroom education effect. For example, the Shaanxi Railway Engineering Vocational and Technical College designs a virtual simulation teaching platform that uses the concept of interactive games and uses the “breakthrough” teaching method to arrange skills training in the learning process to increase students’ interest in curriculum learning. In addition, we should explore the separation of the interest relationship between student evaluation and teacher evaluation, improve the credibility of evaluation results, and safeguard the core interests of teachers and students.
References:
[1] Zhang Ruomei. Why is it difficult for professors to teach undergraduates? [N] .IPP review, 2019.11.03: http://ipp.org.cn/index.php/home/blog/single/id/486.html
[2] Mustard pile. The most feared thing for Chinese college students finally came [N], 2019.1218: https: //www.jiemodui.com/N/112064.html
[3] Mike S. Research. Is the strength of the university final exam or the relationship between teachers and students? [EB / OL], 2019.01.25: http: //edu.sina.com.cn/zl/2019-01-25/doc-ihqfskcp0339477.shtml
[4] Mikes Research. Are the most active students in the morning class? [N], 2019.01.15: http: //www.sohu.com/a/289037924_121294
[5] Xinhuanet. 80% of college students are “mobile phone control”, and one third of class time is playing with mobile phone [N], 2018.04.19: http: // www. xinhuanet.com/local/2018-04/19/c_1122706077.htm
[6] Mai Kesi research. At the end of the “Cultivation Season”, over 40% of college students fall asleep after 0:00 [N], 2018.01.11: http: //edu.sina.com .cn / zl / edu / 2018-01-11 / doc-ifyqnick5319410.shtml
[7] Encyclopedia of Academic Resources. University Teacher: Classmates, if you pass 60 points, please remember that it is the result of my efforts [N], 2018.05.22: https : //zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/37163398
[8] Mikes Research. This university mandates 30% of students to study subjects. Is it necessary to do so in order to do so? [N] .2019.05.16: https: //wxn.qq.com/cmsid/20190516A0KMW000
[9] 邬 大 光. China’s university talent training model must go out of historical inertia [N], Guangming Daily, 2018.06.19: http://m.qunzh.com/mjcz/ zjjt / 201806 / t20180620_39757.html
[10] Ha Wei, Zhao Ying.The “Rise of Teaching”: A Study of the Double Expansion of Students’ Achievements and Teaching Evaluation Scores [J], Sociology Research.2019 (01) : 84-105.
[11] People’s Daily Online. Teaching Evaluation in Colleges and Universities: Surviving in Name [N], 2016.01.18: http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0118/c1006-28062760.html
[12] Economic Observation Network. How far can university education with a low dropout rate [N] .2013.04.12: http: //www.eeo.com.cn/ 2013/0412 / 242461.shtml
[13] 金羊网. 92 international students from Wuhan University have been retired. Reasonably “burdened” college students are no longer lying down and graduated [N], 2019.12.17: http : //muji.bandao.cn/a/319445.html
[14] China Youth Daily. “How do I learn” with strict words in colleges and universities becomes the number one problem [N] .2019.17.17: https: //edu.sina.cn /2019-12-17/detail-iihnzahi8020760.d.html
This article is from WeChat public account: IPP comment (ID: IPP-REVIEW) , author: Zhang Ruomei (Research Assistant public policy Institute of South China University of Technology, policy analyst) < / p>