The article is from the public number: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ID: cas-iop) , author: sinusoidal line on the coordinates, the original title: “the laws of physics tell you: confession can Huge loss, break up blood must earn “the title from the chart:” Assassin Wu sixty-seven. ”
On February 14th each year, as usual, we once again picked up the torch, held a serious and curious attitude, and embarked on the journey of exploring love again.
Combining the results of previous research, [1] [2] [3] , we carried out more in-depth research around various behaviors in love.
1. Confession may be a huge loss, break up and earn some blood
As the saying goes, everything starts hard. The first step in love, confession. But is it really reasonable to confess? We conducted a modeling study on this issue.
We assume that Ah Zhen and Ah Qiang are very close friends, and Ah Zhen falls in love with Ah Qiang, but has been in a state of crush. Now Azhen has to choose whether to confess to Aqiang.
If A Zhen confesses, then A Zhen will face a problem, that is, A Zhen does not know if A Qiang likes herself. We assume that Aqiang has a 50% probability of liking Azhen, and then Azhen confesses success. At the same time, there is still a 50% chance that Ah Qiang does not like Ah Zhen, so after Ah Zhen’s confession, the relationship between Ah Zhen and Ah Qiang will become a little embarrassing and even impossible to be friends.
If A Zhen does not confess, then A Zhen and A Qiang have a 100% probability that they can always be friends, and A Zhen can continue to fall in love with A Qiang. So how does A Zhen choose?
Behavioral finance tells us that most people choose not to confess. For this, we can ask a similar question for analogy. Now one person comes across two options. The first one has a 100% probability of getting 100,000 yuan. Second, there is a 50% probability that there will be nothing, and a 50% probability that 200,000 yuan will be obtained.
After investigation, we found that everyone will choose the first one because the first one is to put the money directly into the bag, and the second one may get nothing. In fact, the mathematical expectation of the two choices is the same, both are 100,000 yuan, but when encountering the benefits, people will tend to choose the option with lower risk. In other words, People are risk averse in the face of benefits.
Returning to the question of confession, A Zhen does not confess, and it is a very stable income to continue to be friends with A Qiang. A Zhen confessed that there is a certain risk of losing a friend. According to the conclusion just now, Azhen faces risk of aversion, so she will definitely choose not to confess. Therefore, from an economic point of view, confession can be a very bad thing.
Based on this, we also studied the act of breaking up. Through research, we found that breaking up must be very profitable.
In this question, we assume that A Zhen and A Qiang are a couple. After several quarrels, A Zhen considers whether to break up with A Qiang. If A Zhen chooses not to break up, then A Zhen and A Qiang will continue to quarrel with 100% probability. However, if Jane chooses to break up, then Jane has a 50% chance to meet an object who no longer quarrels with herself, and a 50% chance to encounter an object who often quarrels with herself. At this time, how should Jane choose?
As before, we ask a similar question as a reference. The problem this time is that a person encounters two options. The first one has a 100% probability of losing 100,000 yuan.The second is that there is a 50% probability that 200,000 yuan will be lost, and a 50% probability that nothing will be lost.
Facing this problem, everyone will tend to choose the second one because the choice is necessarily a loss. And the second option, although it may lose, but also has the opportunity to not lose a penny. In fact, the mathematical expectations of these two choices are the same, both are 100,000 yuan. However, when it comes to losses, people tend to choose options that carry some risk. After all, “strike, bike becomes a motorcycle.” So, People are risk appetite in the face of losses .
Now, let’s look at the problem of breaking up. The quarrel between Azhen and Aqiang is a loss to both sides. If you choose to break up, both parties have a chance to meet someone who no longer quarrels with yourself. Therefore, according to the principle of risk appetite, Jane will definitely choose to break up. So, If one day you want to break up, don’t hesitate, hesitation will defeat you, and you will never regret breaking up.
After all, I do n’t have to spend Valentine ’s Day today after breaking up! Yeah ~
2. The more he loves the show, the faster the boat will turn over
Xiu En’ai is an essential part of love. We investigated the behavior of Xiu En’ai. Among the many subjects surveyed, we found that many groups of subjects never contacted each other after showing affection once. At the same time, they all felt that the boat of love really turned over when it turned out! We have studied the causes of this common phenomenon.
After talking with these survey subjects, we found that they all like to date by the lake. According to them: the lake and the mountains are beautiful, the scenery is charming, and the two people canoeing in the heart of the lake, don’t have a taste. We learned from a client Azhen: At that time, she and A Qiang were thinking about a “Titanic” hug show on the boat. They just stood up, a breeze blew, and the ship tilted I flipped through the (Eun Ai did not show up, but was shown by Ai Ai) . Armed with this information, we began a modeling analysis of the “ship overturn problem.”
To solve this problem, you need toUnderstand floating body stability issues. There are two types of floats, one is a suspension, such as a hot air balloon. The other is a floating body, such as a boat.
Hot Air Balloon Schematic
For suspensions, the conditions to be balanced are: gravity and buoyancy, etc., and the center of gravity is above the center of gravity. Take a hot air balloon as an example. As shown in the figure above, the buoyancy of a hot air balloon is generated by the balloon, so the floating center is located at B on the balloon, and the gondola is heavier, so the center of gravity is at G on the gondola. Because the center of gravity is above the center of gravity, if the hot-air balloon is tilted to one side, the moment of buoyancy and gravity will cause the hot-air balloon to return to the opposite side. Like driving a car with both hands back on the steering wheel ). Therefore, the hot air balloon will be more stable when flying.
Return steering wheel [9]
The situation is more complicated for floating bodies. As shown in the figure below, when the ship does not roll, the line BG between the center of gravity and the center of gravity is vertical. When the ship rolls, its portion submerged in liquid changes. Therefore, the position of the floating center has also changed, and it is marked as E in the figure. Let’s record the intersection of the line where the buoyancy is located and the line where BG is located at this time as the stable center M. When the center of gravity is higher than the center of gravity, the moment of buoyancy and gravity can make the boat return to normal. When steadyWhen the center of gravity is lower than the center of gravity, the boat will continue to tilt without the moment of return to normal. Therefore, even if the center of gravity of the floating body is below the center of gravity, as long as the center of gravity is higher than the center of gravity, the floating body can remain stable.
Sketch of boat tilt
Now returning to the previous question, let’s assume that Azhen and Aqiang are both petite and weigh 50kg. They are on a boat with a length of 3√3 / 5m, a width of √3 / 3m and a height of 1 / 3m. The boat is made of a very light but strong material, so the mass of the boat is negligible relative to the weight of a person. Let’s consider an extreme case, as shown in the figure below, assuming that the ship has been toppled by 30 °. In this case, the maximum volume of water that the boat can drain is exactly 100kg. (just right, we have everything) , at this time, gravity and The buoyancy is equal, but the relationship between stability and center of gravity needs further discussion.
Front view of the boat
First calculate the floating center, as shown above, according to Archimedes’s law (Archimedes principle) , the floating center is the geometric center of the volume being drained. Since the discharged water is triangular prismatic, in the figure, its geometric center is the center of gravity E of the triangle, which is obtained by the intersection of the three centerlines of the triangle.
Then calculate the stability, from “simple geometry”: ∠BOC = ∠MOC, AC is perpendicular to ME. So the triangle OME is an isosceles triangle. According to the geometric properties of the center of gravity, OM = BC / 3 = 1 / 9m. Therefore, M is 1/6 + 1/9 = 5 / 18m from the bottom of the ship, which is about 28cm.
Since the mass of the ship is negligible, the overall center of gravity coincides with the overall center of gravity of the two people. If Azhen and Aqiang are sitting in the cabin as shown in the figure below, and considering their petite stature, it can be inferred that the distance between the center of gravity of the two people and the bottom of the ship is less than or equal to 28 cm. Stability is higher than the center of gravity. According to the previous conclusions, the boat will remain stable, so it is very safe for the two to sit.
However, love will not allow two people to sit like this. In order to show their love, they will come in a “Titanic” hug. At this moment, the two stood up and opened their arms. As shown in the figure below, we assume that both people are 1.7m tall, and they keep standing perpendicular to the boat when the boat is tilted. At this time, the center of gravity of the two persons was 1.7 / 2 = 0.85m from the bottom of the ship. The center of gravity exceeds the steady height, so the ship must overturn.
So boating requires you to sit on the boat and never stand up. Otherwise, the boat carrying love will surely turn over because of various acts of love.
3. Forgiveness is not accidental, heartbreaking is inevitable
A study in 2019 mentioned that two people in love will inevitably have friction, and once the relationship between the two people becomes worse, it is impossible to spontaneously warm up again. We conducted further research on this theory.
After investigating many subjects, we found that people have different attitudes towards conflicts between couples. Some people said: Well, I don’t care, some people said: Of course, choose to forgive, and some people said: Heartbreak, I feel like I won’t love anymore. This has caused us great interest. Why do people in love choose to forgive? How does heartbreak in love cause it? For these problems, we conducted a modeling analysis.
We know that when an object is deformed by an external force, the object will generate a force to overcome the deformation, which we call stress. For love, the conflict between two people is external force. Everyone’s attitude to deal with and overcome contradictions is “love stress.”
Some objects will completely return to their previous shape after removing the externally applied force. We claim that the object has undergone elastic deformation. Analogically, “elastic deformation of love” means that after a contradiction occurs, we resist the impact of the contradiction by forgiving each other, and hope that love can return to its previous state.
Elastic deformation of golf ball
Some objects can cause self-recoverable deformation under external force. We call the object plastic deformation. So, “plastic deformation of love” means that after a contradiction occurs, our hearts seem to be severely slaughtered by bayonet, the trauma can’t be repaired, and we can never go back.
Plastic deformation of magnetic plasticine [10]
There are also some objects, such as springs, which can deform elastically within the elastic limit, but after exceeding the elastic limit, the spring enters the yield stage and undergoes plastic deformation. At this time, we said that this kind of object has undergone elastoplastic deformation. Correspondingly, “elastoplastic deformation of love” means that after a contradiction occurs, we first choose “elastic deformation of love” to forgive each other, but repeated forgiveness does not resolve the conflict. The constant contradiction has caused the “elastic deformation of love” to exceed the tolerance limit, which has caused us to “plastically deform love” (This model is more in line with reality Situations in Life) .
Schematic diagram of the deformation of the spring [12]
Based on these theories, we made some simulations to verify our theory. The simulation algorithm we use is the material point method (Material Point Method) , the object being simulated is our “love” . We assume that love is a continuous medium. For a continuous medium, its constitutive model describes the relationship between stress and strain. Therefore, as long as the constitutive model of “love” is given, we can get the specific dynamic equation of “love” and then simulate it.
Substance point method applied to CG [8]
First, we use the “elastic model of love” to simulate the impact of choosing forgiveness on “love”. In this model, all the deformations that occur in “love” are “elastic deformations in love.” The constitutive model is as follows. (This constitutive model is generally used to simulate Elastomer) .
The simulation results are shown in the following figure. As can be seen from the figure, the “love” of the Q bomb has collided multiple times. (that is, contradictory impact) , the original shape is still maintained (that is, the color will change a bit) . This means that forgiveness does have a role in restoring “love.” Therefore, many people choose to forgive not just on the whim, but a decision made after rational analysis.
Then, we simulate the effect of “love elastoplastic model” on “love”. In this model, the deformation that occurs in “love” is “love elastoplastic deformation”, and its constitutive model is as follows:(Usually used to simulate snow) .
The results of the simulation are shown in the figure below. It can be seen from the figure that “love” was quickly crushed after a severe impact. After being struck again, “love” was broken into many pieces and “heart cracked”. This phenomenon occurs because, in this model, the “elastic deformation of love” only works within a certain deformation range, and beyond this range, “love” cannot provide enough force to constrain these deformations. Therefore, as long as there is a crack in “love”, it cannot be restored. So, The excessive deformation caused by contradictions is the direct cause of heartbreak .
To sum up, we conclude that “嘤 嘤 嘤” and “I don’t listen” are evading contradictions, and “forgiveness” and “you are so beautiful” are holding back contradictions. Only by solving the contradictions can we really Redeem the heart that is about to break.
At this point, we have adopted the first observation and research on behaviors such as confession and breakup in love, show affection and fast turn, forgiveness and heartbreak. Why can only observe?) , and then carry out the research strategy of modeling analysis. The use of economics, simple geometry, and continuum mechanics has been thoroughly analyzed. It verifies the rationality of these behaviors in love and provides some theoretical support for the future development of love. At the same time, we also proposed a solution to the common problem of couples’ conflict, and gave the experimental results under ideal conditions.Consistent with the thought of applying what has been learned.
Overall, through this research, we fully realize that love is very complicated, so-called: There are so many paradoxes in the world of love, and you can earn full marks with caution . Since love may not get a perfect score, it is better that we study physics and get a perfect score ~
This study was completed with the support of the Toolman Fund. At the same time, I would like to thank the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the help of Cola without ice, Cloudiiink, and other friends, and Liu Yihao of the Shenzhen Academy of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for their suggestions.
References:
[1] The physical theorem tells you how cruel the truth of love is!
[2] The physical theorem tells you that lovers in the world will eventually break up!
[3] Why ca n’t physics understand love?
[4] Lu Jianqing. Behavioral Finance [J]. 2009.
[5] Shu Yousheng. Mechanics [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005.
[6] Risk Appetite and Risk Aversion
[7] Tang Weifeng, Sun Jin. Research on the floating stability of a floating body [J]. Journal of Naval Aeronautical Engineering Institute, 2012, 5.
[8] Stomakhin, et.A material point method for snow simulation.2013
[9 ] Back to the steering wheel
[10] Plastic deformation of magnetic plasticine
[ 12] spring elastic deformation
The article is from the public account: Institute of Physics (ID: cas-iop) , author: coordinates Sine on the line.